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GIT Module > Pharmacology Qs > Flashcards

Pharmacology Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug causes black tongue & stool? Final 2017, 2013, 2010, 2009, 2008

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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2
Q

Why is concurrent administration of antacids and some other drugs not recommended? 2017

  1. Antacids can alter the absorption of other drugs
  2. Antacids can increase bicarbonate secretion
  3. Antacids can inhibit CYP 450 enzymes
  4. The combination can lead to increase in gastric acid secretion
A
  1. Antacids can alter the absorption of other drugs
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3
Q

Which of the following drugs can treat acid reflux and may cause galactorrhea and gynecomastia? 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014

  1. Dicyclomine
  2. Misoprostol
  3. Cimetidine
  4. Omeprazole
A
  1. Cimetidine
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4
Q

Which of the following is a H/K ATPase blocker on the apical surface of parietal cells? 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009

  1. Dicyclomine
  2. Misoprostol
  3. Cimetidine
  4. Omeprazole
A
  1. Omeprazole
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5
Q

A patient with duodenal ulcer presented with hematemesis, electrocautery was done to treat the ulcer. What will you administer at this stage? 2016

  1. Omeprazole
  2. Ranitidine
  3. Somatostatin
  4. Sucralfate
A
  1. Omeprazole
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6
Q

Which drug is used for peptic ulcers caused by NSAIDs? 2016, 2015, 2014, 2012

  1. Misoprostol
  2. Bismuth subsalicylate
A
  1. Misoprostol
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7
Q

Which of the following is contraindicated in pregnancy? 2016, Final 2014, 2010, 2009

  1. Promethazine
  2. Misoprostol
A
  1. Misoprostol
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8
Q

What is the rationale behind Quadruple therapy of peptic ulcer? Final 2015, Final 2014

  1. Reduce the cost
  2. Decrease fatal adverse effects
  3. Decrease emergence of resistance species
  4. Decrease drug-drug interactions
A
  1. Decrease emergence of resistance species
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9
Q

How does famotidine reduce the effect of sucralfate? 2015, 2014

  1. Inhibition of proton pump
  2. Inhibition of prostaglandin
  3. Induces CYP450
  4. Reduces the acidity of stomach
A
  1. Reduces the acidity of stomach
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10
Q

What is a drug that is considered cytoprotective for the gastric mucosa and is part of the treatment of H. Pylori? Final 2014, 2014, 2013, 2008

  1. Misoprostol
  2. Bismuth subsalicylate
  3. Dicyclomine
  4. Sucralfate
  5. Omeprazole
A
  1. Bismuth subsalicylate
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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dicyclomine? 2012

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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12
Q

A patient with epilepsy using phenytoin and he had peptic ulcer. Which drug should be avoided? 2012

  1. Omeprazole
  2. Famotidine
  3. Magnesium
  4. Misoprostol
A
  1. Omeprazole
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13
Q

How does ranitidine reduce the efficacy of sucralfate? Final 2011, 2010

A

It reduces the acidity of the stomach

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14
Q

What is the goal of triple therapy in treating peptic ulcer disease? 2011

A

To eliminate or reduce the occurrence of drug resistance

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15
Q

What cytoprotective drug is used for the treatment of h.pylori? 2010

  1. Bismuth chelate
  2. Sucralfate
A

-

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16
Q

How do antacids affect sucralfate efficacy? 2009

A

By altering pH in stomach

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17
Q

Why is a renal transplant patient on cyclosporine advised not to drink grapefruit juice? 2017, 2014, 2013, 2012

  1. It inhibits cyclosporine metabolism
  2. The dose of cyclosporine needs to be increased
  3. Increases the risk of organ rejection
A
  1. It inhibits cyclosporine metabolism
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18
Q

In terms of biotransformation, a phase II reaction described as: 2017, 2013

  1. Conjugation reaction
  2. Anaerobic reaction
  3. Hydrolysis reaction
  4. Oxidative phosphorylation
A
  1. Conjugation reaction
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19
Q

Which drug interacts with cyclosporine and enhances its metabolism resulting in organ rejection? Final 2015, 2011

A

Rifampicin

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of cimetidine? Final 2015, 2011, Final 2009

A

Inhibit CYP450 metabolism of other drugs

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21
Q

Which drug increases the synthesis of CYP450 enzymes? 2011

A

Rifampicin

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22
Q

A patient taking OCP, what do you advise her not to take with it? 2010

A

St. John’s worts

23
Q

If diazepam and cimetidine are given together, what must be done? 2009, 2008

A

Reduce diazepam dose

24
Q

What is the major oxidant in the liver? 2008

A

Cytochrome P450

25
Q

What is a prodrug? 2008

A

converted to active metabolite

26
Q

What drug is an H1 antagonist that treats motion sickness Final 2017, 2013, Final 2010, 2009

  1. Cyclizine
  2. Hyoscine (scopolamine)
A
  1. Cyclizine
27
Q

Which of the following drugs is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist? 2017, 2015, 2013, Final 2011, 2009

  1. Ondansetron
  2. Metoclopramide
  3. Hyoscine
  4. Cyclizine
A
  1. Ondansetron
28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of lactulose? 2017, Final 2011, Final 2009

  1. Forms a bulky hydrated mass in the gut
  2. Retains fluid in the bowel lumen by osmosis
A
  1. Retains fluid in the bowel lumen by osmosis
29
Q

What is a dopamine receptor antagonist? 2015, 2014, Final 2009

A

Metoclopramide

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of scopolamine? Final 2014

A

Antagonism of muscarinic receptors

31
Q

Which of the following drugs decreases the motility of GIT? 2014

A

Codeine

32
Q

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant purgative? 2014

A

Senna

Bisacodyl

33
Q

How does senna exert its laxative effects? 2013, 2011, 2009

A

Stimulates the colonic activity and increases peristalsis

34
Q

Which drug is used to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting by inhibiting the 5HT3 receptor? Final 2012

A

Ondansetron

35
Q

What is antagonist for muscarinic receptors used for motion sickness? 2012, Final 2009

A

Hyoscine

36
Q

Which laxative increases peristalsis by stimulating the enteric nerves? 2012

A

Senna

37
Q

Which drug is a D2 receptor antagonist with central and GI effect? 2012

A

Metoclopramide

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of senna? 2010

A

Stimulates contraction of the colon

39
Q

Which drug is a serotonin antagonist used with chemotherapy? Final 2010

A

Ondansetron

40
Q

What shows more toxicity in children than adults? Final 2017

  1. Acetaminophen
  2. Isoniazid
  3. Halothane
  4. Salicylate
A
  1. Salicylate
41
Q

What is the mechanism of halothane drug induced hepatotoxicity? 2017

  1. Idiosyncratic toxicity
  2. Intrinsic toxicity
A
  1. Idiosyncratic toxicity
42
Q

Which drug can result in hepatotoxicity in both fast and slow acetylators? 2016, 2011, 2009

  1. Acetaminophen
  2. Isoniazid
A
  1. Isoniazid
43
Q

Hepatotoxicity to which drug can be treated with N-acetylcysteine? 2016, Final 2013, Final 2011

  1. Acetaminophen
  2. Rifampicin
  3. Halothane
  4. Isoniazid
A
  1. Acetaminophen
44
Q

Which drug can cause hepatotoxicity due to immunological reaction? 2016

  1. Acetaminophen
  2. Halothane
A
  1. Halothane
45
Q

Pruritus and jaundice are common features of the cholestatic effect of which drug?
(hepatocanalicular injury)? Final 2013, 2011

  1. Valproic acid
  2. Tetracycline
  3. Acetaminophen
  4. Methotrexate
  5. Chlorpromazine
A
  1. Chlorpromazine
46
Q

Toxic doses of which drug causes a centrilobular pattern of necrosis in the liver? Final 2013, 2011

  1. Valproic acid
  2. Tetracycline
  3. Acetaminophen
  4. Methotrexate
  5. Chlorpromazine
A
  1. Acetaminophen
47
Q

What is the most likely cause of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity? 2013

A

Accumulation of electrophilic metabolites

48
Q

Which drug can cause hepatotoxicity in children less than 3 years old? Final 2011

A

Valproic acid

49
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with liver steatosis without inflammation or fibrosis? 2011

A

Methotrexate hepatotoxicity

50
Q

Which drug causes hepatotoxicity due to genetic variation on acetyltransferase? 2010

A

Isoniazid

51
Q

A 70 year old patient on isoniazid treatment, presented with elevated liver enzymes. What most likely would be the cause? 2010

A

accumulation of active metabolites in liver

52
Q

Which drug causes microvesicular steatosis? 2010

  1. amiodarone
  2. steroids
  3. methotrexate
  4. Valproic acid
A
  1. Valproic acid
53
Q

How does Acetaminophen cause hepatocellular necrosis? 2010, 2009

A

Depletion of glutathione

GIT Module (16 decks)

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