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GIT Module > Microbiology and Epidemiology Qs > Flashcards

Microbiology and Epidemiology Qs Flashcards

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1
Q

What mediates tissue damage in celiac disease? Final 2017, 2016, Final 2015, 2013, 2008

  1. Immune complex mediated
  2. Antibody against Intrinsic Factor
  3. Th1 reactivity to Gluten
  4. Cytotoxic T cell reaction to Gluten
A
  1. Th1 reactivity to Gluten
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2
Q

What is the basis of tissue damage in Crohn’s disease? Final 2016, Final 2014, Final 2012

  1. Hypersensitivity towards gluten
  2. Cell mediated immune reaction against bacterial flora
A
  1. Cell mediated immune reaction against bacterial flora
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3
Q

Which of the following is part of the innate immunity in the intestinal gut? 2015

  1. Cytotoxic T Cells
  2. Proteolytic enzymes
  3. IgA
A
  1. Proteolytic enzymes
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4
Q

How do IgA antibodies defend the body against invading organisms? Final 2014, Final 2013

  1. Activates Nk cells
  2. Cytotoxicity
  3. Prevents adherence to mucosa
A
  1. Prevents adherence to mucosa
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5
Q

Which of the following is considered part of innate immunity in GIT? 2014

  1. IgA
  2. Acidic secretion
  3. NK cell
A
  1. Acidic secretion
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6
Q

What mediates the mucosal damage and villous atrophy in celiac disease? Final 2013

A

Inflammatory cytokines

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7
Q

Celiac disease is an abnormal immune reaction against which antigen? Final 2013

  1. Gluten
  2. Vitamin B12
  3. Normal Flora antigen
A
  1. Gluten
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8
Q

What protects IgA against enzymatic degradation? 2013

A

Secretory component

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9
Q

What are the cytokines that mediate tissue damage in both Crohn’s and celiac disease? 2012

A

IFN-γ and TNF-α

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10
Q

What tissue component is associated with initiating damage in celiac disease and responsible for the presence of antibodies? 2012

A

Th1 cells

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11
Q

What factors protect the stomach from colonization of bacteria? 2012

  1. Acidic pH
  2. IgA
  3. Proteolytic enzymes
  4. Mucus
A
  1. Acidic pH
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12
Q

What mediates tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease? 2011

A

Inflammatory cytokines

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13
Q

What plays a role in acquired humoral immunity? 2010

  1. IgA
  2. M cells
A

-

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14
Q

Which of the following is part of the innate immunity? 2010

A

Mucus

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15
Q

What is used for the treatment of HDV? 2017

  1. Adefovir
  2. INF
  3. Tenofovir
  4. Lamivudine
A
  1. INF
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16
Q

A 21-year-old woman complains of fever, malaise, abdominal pain for 1 week duration. She returned from India 3 weeks ago. She has slightly elevated AST and ALT. Which will be found on testing? 2016

  1. IgM HAV
  2. IgM HCV
  3. IgG hepatic biliary sclerosis
A
  1. IgM HAV
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17
Q

A 27-year-old male had liver transplantation 4 months ago complaining of vomiting, nausea, fever, and jaundice. He recently traveled to France and ate raw delicacies. What is the most likely diagnosis? 2016, 2015

  1. Hepatitis A
  2. Hepatitis B
  3. Hepatitis C
  4. Hepatitis D
  5. Hepatitis E
A
  1. Hepatitis E
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18
Q

Improvement in the sanitation chain will help reduce which viral disease? 2016

  1. Hepatitis A
  2. Hepatitis B
  3. Hepatitis C
  4. Hepatitis D
  5. Hepatitis E
A
  1. Hepatitis A
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19
Q

A woman complains of jaundice and fever after consuming oysters in a seafood restaurant. What is the most likely cause? Final 2014

  1. Hepatitis A
  2. Hepatitis B
  3. Hepatitis C
  4. Hepatitis D
  5. Hepatitis E
A
  1. Hepatitis A
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20
Q

Which virus has caused large outbreaks in India, Mexico, and North Africa where the source of infection is fecal contamination of water supplies? Final 2011, 2011

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis E virus
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21
Q

A patient developed a severe hepatitis B infection but later he was found to have a co-infection with another RNA virus. Which virus could that be? Final 2011, 2011, 2009

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis D virus
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22
Q

A pregnant woman had traveled to Bangladesh. When she came back, she developed fever, jaundice, and fulminant hepatic failure after which she died. What could be the causative agent? Final 2011, 2011, 2009

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis E virus
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23
Q

Which hepatitis virus has been associated with zoonotic spread? 2011

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis E virus
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24
Q

A man has traveled to Egypt recently; when he came back, he developed jaundice and fever and a diagnosis of hepatitis was established. What is the causative agent? 2011

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis A virus
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25
Q

A patient who traveled and ingested fresh fruit, his serum showed non B and non E virus. What is the causative agent? Final 2010

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
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26
Q

Female traveled to an endemic area of HAV. She later developed symptoms of hepatitis, but when she was screened there were no signs of HAV and HBV. What is the most likely causative agent? 2010, 2009

  1. Hepatitis A virus
  2. Hepatitis B virus
  3. Hepatitis C virus
  4. Hepatitis D virus
  5. Hepatitis E virus
A
  1. Hepatitis E virus
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27
Q

What is the characteristic of Hepatitis D? 2009

A

Defective RNA virus

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28
Q

What infection is the most common to cause chronic hepatitis? Final 2017

A

HCV

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29
Q

Who should receive a high titer hepatitis B specific immune globulin? Final 2017

A

Those exposed to needle stick injuries

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30
Q

Which of the following is used to treat chronic active HCV hepatitis? Final 2017, 2015

A

Protease inhibitors

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31
Q

A physician got a needle stick injury from a patient with acute HBV. On testing, the doctor was negative for HBV. What was given to the physician? Final 2017

A

High Titer Antibodies

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32
Q

Which of the following is true about hepatitis C infection? Final 2017

  1. Sexually transmitted
  2. Most cases progress to chronic infection
  3. Most lead to acute infection
  4. Vertically transmitted
  5. Aerosol transmission
A
  1. Most cases progress to chronic infection
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33
Q

A 30 year old woman presented with jaundice and RUQ pain for one week and on testing she showed high levels of ALT, she traveled to Thailand for plastic surgery 3 months ago. Upon testing she had: 2017, Final 2016, 2016, Final 2015

HcvAb - HbsAg +

HbsAb - HbeAg +

HbeAb - Hbc IgM+

total HBcAB-

  1. Chronic HBV infection high infectivity
  2. Acute HBV infection
  3. Vaccination
  4. Recovery from previous HBV infection
A
  1. Acute HBV infection
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34
Q

A 24 year old man came for HCV and HBV screening: HCV-RNA: - HCV- Ab: - HBsAg: + HBeAg: - HBsAb: - HBeAb: + Total Anti-core Ab: +. 2017

  1. Passive immunization of HBV
  2. Acute HBV infection
  3. Chronic HBV with low infectivity
  4. Recovery
A
  1. Chronic HBV with low infectivity
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35
Q

A patient infected with HBV, he is a drug abuser and had superinfection with HDV. Which of the following is used for treatment? Final 2016

  1. Interferon
  2. Protease inhibitor
A
  1. Protease inhibitor
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36
Q

A 31-year-old man was found to have elevated liver enzyme (ALT 1200) during his regular checkup for liver enzymes. He had history of unprotected sexual intercourse 6 months ago. He was screened for HBV and HCV. 2016, 2013

HCVab -ve. HBsAg +ve
HBeAg +ve. HB anti-core abs +ve

HBeAb -ve. HBsAb -ve

  1. Chronic HBV with high infectivity
  2. Acute hepatitis
  3. Chronic HBV with low infectivity
  4. Recovery
A
  1. Chronic HBV with high infectivity
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37
Q

A young man comes for a routine check-up. Upon testing his serology showed: 2015, 2014

HcvAb -

HbsAg +

HbsAb -

HbeAg -

HbeAb -

Hbc Ag-

  1. Chronic HBV infection high infectivity
  2. Acute HBV infection
  3. Vaccination
  4. Recovery from previous HBV infection
A
  1. Vaccination
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38
Q

What is the treatment for chronic hepatitis C patients? Final 2014

  1. Interferon
  2. Ribavirin
  3. Protease inhibitors
  4. Tenofovir
  5. Lamivudine
  6. Adefovir
A
  1. Interferon
  2. Ribavirin
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39
Q

A known case of chronic hepatitis B who is a drug addict comes with new episodes of hepatomegaly, raised liver enzymes and jaundice. On investigations he was found to have Hepatitis D infection on top of hepatitis B. What is the drug of choice to treat him? 2014

A

Interferon

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40
Q

An intravenous drug user who is already infected with HBV presented with symptoms of acute hepatitis (jaundice, enlarged tender liver, and elevated liver enzymes). Screening tests for HDV were positive. Which of the following agents is the best to be used in the treatment? Final 2013

  1. Protease inhibitor
  2. Interferon
  3. Lamivudine
  4. Tenofovir
A
  1. Interferon
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41
Q

Which of the following indicates an active and infective HBV case? 2011

A

HBeAg

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42
Q

A patient was found to have an HBV infection for more than six months, but the infection was of a low grade. What does the patient suffer from? 2011

A

Chronic persistent hepatitis

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43
Q

What is a characteristic of HBV infection? 2011

A

It can be prevented by a serum-derived vaccine

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44
Q

A patient returned from Egypt, he has RUQ pain and fever. Negative for HBV & HCV. Stool showed a calcilike virus. What is the diagnosis? 2008

A

Hep. E

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45
Q

A male patient traveled to Bangladesh a few months back. He now presents with fever, jaundice, and dark urine and is diagnosed with amoebic abscess. Which test is used to confirm the diagnosis? 2015, 2011

A

Serology for anti-amoeba antibodies

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46
Q

A 35-year-old man traveled to India, where he developed bloody diarrhea associated with pain and discomfort in RUQ for 10 days. Also it was noted that he had fever, jaundice, and weight loss. Ultrasound revealed hepatic abscess. What is the causative organism? Final 2014

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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47
Q

A 7-year-old Indian child presented to the medical clinic with fever, anemia, and hepatosplenomegaly. The doctor decided to take a bone marrow biopsy. What is the most likely diagnosis? Final 2014

A

Leishmania donovani

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48
Q

A patient developed bloody diarrhea with mucus, after which he was diagnosed with a liver abscess. What is the diagnosis? 2014

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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49
Q

What is the most common route of infection for Entamoeba histolytica? 2014

  1. Person-to-person transmission
  2. Ingestion of contaminated food
A
  1. Ingestion of contaminated food
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50
Q

A patient with a travel history to India presented after 8 weeks with right hypochondrium pain. Amoebic liver abscess was suspected. What is the best way to diagnose these kind of conditions? 2014

  1. Aspiration of the liver abscess
  2. Microscopy of the aspirated fluid
  3. Serology of specific Antibodies
A
  1. Serology of specific Antibodies
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51
Q

A male from North east Asia presented with bloody diarrhea. Aspiration of the liver abscess revealed an odorless thick yellow-brown liquid. Histology shows a flask shaped ulcer cyst in the liver. What is the causative agent? Final 2010, 2009

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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52
Q

A man complains of right hypochondrium pain. History revealed he traveled to Mexico 6 weeks ago. Following investigations, he was diagnosed with amoebic liver abscess. What laboratory test confirmed the diagnosis? 2010

  1. Serology Ab.
  2. Aspiration of abscess.
A
  1. Serology Ab.
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53
Q

A patient went to south east asia and came back with bloody diarrhea Final 2009

A

Flask-sharp ulcers

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54
Q

How do you diagnose a patient with a parasitic abscess? 2009

  1. Culture for abscess
  2. Serology Ag
  3. Serology Ab
  4. Microscopy for abscess
A

-

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55
Q

What is used to diagnose liver cysts with a parasitic origin? 2008

  1. Serology for antigens
  2. Serology for antibodies
A
  1. Serology for antibodies
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56
Q

What is a complication of hydatid cysts? 2008

  1. Anaphylactic Shock
  2. Chronic Hepatitis
  3. Chronic Jaundice
A
  1. Anaphylactic Shock
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57
Q

What is the best practice to minimize the incidence of hepatitis A virus in developing countries? 2017

  1. provide clean water and food intake
  2. sanitation and vaccinate children younger than one year old
  3. sanitation and vaccinate children older than one year old
  4. vaccinate the whole population in the area
A
  1. sanitation and vaccinate children older than one year old
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58
Q

Based on the data in Kuwait hospitals, which age group is the most vulnerable to Hepatitis A infection? 2017

  1. <2
  2. 3-6
  3. 7-12
  4. 13-18
  5. >18
A
  1. 7-12
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59
Q

Prevention of infection by HCV? Final 2016

  1. Vaccination
  2. Prevent contact with infected blood or fluids
  3. Immediate administration of immunoglobulins
A
  1. Prevent contact with infected blood or fluids
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60
Q

A nurse was working in the ward when she accidently pricked her finger with a used needle. What is the maximum number of days for postexposure prophylaxis for Hep B? Final 2014

  1. 2
  2. 7
  3. 14
A
  1. 7
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61
Q

What is the best way to decrease the incidence of hepatitis A? Final 2012

  1. Vaccination of all children above 1 year and improved sanitation
  2. Avoid contaminated food and water
  3. Vaccination of all children under 1 year
A

-

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62
Q

What are the only hepatitis viruses that have immunoprophylaxis? Final 2012, 2012

  1. HAV and HBV
  2. HAV only
  3. HBV only
  4. HCV only
  5. HBV and HCV
A
  1. HAV and HBV
63
Q

What is the possible cause of the increase in prevalence of HAV from September to October? 2008

  1. Served dishes in the restaurant are contaminated with HAV
  2. Returning of Families
A
  1. Returning of Families
64
Q

What is the place for Norovirus outbreaks? Final 2017

  1. Schools
  2. Nursing homes
  3. Parks
  4. Restaurants
A
  1. Restaurants
65
Q

What is the type of vaccine for Rotavirus? Final 2017

A

Live attenuated

66
Q

Which adenovirus serotypes are responsible for Gastroenteritis? 2017

  1. serotypes 40 and 41
  2. serotypes 50 and 51
  3. serotypes 20 and 21
A
  1. serotypes 40 and 41
67
Q

Which of the following organisms can cause explosive vomiting? 2017

  1. Norovirus
  2. Adenovirus
  3. Rotavirus
A
  1. Norovirus
68
Q

Which of the following receptors is required for the pathogenesis of SARS 2 COVID? 2017

A

Ace 2 modification

69
Q

A 4-month-old boy presented with a sudden onset of low-grade fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea, severe dehydration. A stool sample was examined under electron microscope and showed wheel-like virus. What is the most likely cause? 2015, 2014, 2009

  1. Astrovirus
  2. Rotavirus
  3. Enteric Adenovirus
  4. Norovirus
A
  1. Rotavirus
70
Q

A 9-month-old girl presents with a 2 day history of fever, nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Stool sample showed rotavirus. Which of the following is the most appropriate management? 2015

  1. Rotateq
  2. Oral rehydration therapy
  3. Isolation
A
  1. Oral rehydration therapy
71
Q

What is the 3rd most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children that has extending fibers? 2010, 2009

A

Adenovirus

72
Q

Which virus undergoes gene reassortment? 2008

A

Rotavirus

73
Q

What is the bacteria mostly associated with watery diarrhea in infants and children less than 1? Final 2017, 2011

  1. C. Jejuni
  2. EPEC
  3. C. Botulinum
  4. C. Perfringens
A
  1. EPEC
74
Q

Which type of food is associated with botulinum toxin? 2017

  1. Raw Tuna
  2. Canned Food
  3. Raw Egg
  4. Chicken
A
  1. Canned Food
75
Q

A 19 Y/O male who had consumed contaminated milk presented with mesenteric adenitis (enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes) and appendicitis like pain. What is the causative organism ? 2017

  1. Yersinia Enterocolitica
  2. E. coli
  3. Vibrio cholera
  4. Salmonella typhi
A
  1. Yersinia Enterocolitica
76
Q

Which of the following is a diagnostic method of giardiasis? 2017

  1. Stool microscopy
  2. Antibody titer
  3. Blood culture
A
  1. Stool microscopy
77
Q

Following an infection causing diarrhea, a man developed limb weakness and numbness. He was then diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome. What is the causative pathogen? Final 2016, Final 2015

  1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Clostridium difficile
  4. Staphylococcus aureus
  5. Salmonella typhi
A
  1. Campylobacter jejuni
78
Q

A patient presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis after consuming shellfish. Stool culture on TCBS agar showed green colonies. What is the causative organism? 2016, Final 2015, 2015, 2013, Final 2012

  1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Clostridium difficile
  4. Staphylococcus aureus
  5. Salmonella typhi
A
  1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
79
Q

Which of the following organisms causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? 2016, 2012

A

Verotoxigenic E. Coli

80
Q

What is the most common source of Shigella? 2016

  1. Undercooked chicken
  2. Fried rice
  3. Humans
  4. Shellfish
A
  1. Humans
81
Q

A child developed severe vomiting 3 hours after drinking milk. What could be the causative agent? Final 2015

  1. S.aureus
  2. C.difficile
  3. C.botulinum
  4. Shigella
A
  1. S.aureus
82
Q

What is the bacterial causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis? Final 2015

  1. C.difficile
  2. C.Perfringens
  3. Shigella
  4. ETEC
A
  1. C.difficile
83
Q

A 22-year-old man developed diarrhea and abdominal pain 48 hours after eating undercooked barbecued chicken. What is the possible causative agent? 2015

  1. Campylobacter jejuni
  2. E. coli
A
  1. Campylobacter jejuni
84
Q

A 24 year old man developed diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting 4 hours after eating fried rice. What could be the possible causative agent? 2015, 2014, Final 2012, 2010

  1. Clostridium difficile
  2. Salmonella typhi
  3. Campylobacter jejuni
  4. Shigella sonnei
  5. Bacillus cereus
A
  1. Bacillus cereus
85
Q

Which of the following is the mode of transmission for shigella? 2015

  1. Infected people
  2. Unsanitary water
  3. Contaminated food
A
  1. Infected people
86
Q

A 9-year-old boy presented with purpuric rash, oliguria, general weakness and bloody diarrhea for 1 week. What is the most likely organism? Final 2014

  1. E. coli O157:H7
  2. Shigella flexneri
  3. Salmonella typhimurium
  4. Campylobacter jejuni
A
  1. E. coli O157:H7
87
Q

Three children in a nursery had severe bloody diarrhea. What is the causative agent? 2014

  1. Shigella flexneri
  2. escherichia coli
A
  1. Shigella flexneri
88
Q

A patient presents with severe diarrhea after 24 hrs of ingesting mayonnaise? 2014

  1. Salmonella Enteritidis
  2. Staphylococcus Aureus
A
  1. Salmonella Enteritidis
89
Q

A 65-year-old male presented with severe bloody diarrhea, which deteriorated rapidly. Two days later he died from hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). What is the causative organism? Final 2013

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  3. ETEC
  4. VTEC
  5. Campylobacter jejuni
A
  1. VTEC
90
Q

A 40-year-old male has recently traveled to Egypt. Two days later he developed profuse watery diarrhea. What is the causative agent? Final 2013

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  3. ETEC
  4. VTEC
  5. Campylobacter jejuni
A
  1. ETEC
91
Q

A patient has traveled to Iraq and returned with profuse watery diarrhea. The stool sample grew yellow colonies on TCBS agar. What is the causative organism? 2013, Final 2012

  1. Vibrio cholera
  2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  3. Salmonella
  4. E. coli
A
  1. Vibrio cholera
92
Q

A girl developed food poisoning with bloody diarrhea and self-limiting abdominal pain after eating chicken salad. What is the causative organism? 2012

A

Campylobacter jejuni

93
Q

A 32-year old pregnant lady on long term steroids for her Crohn’s disease developed meningitis. She has a history of soft cheese consumption. What is the cause? 2012

  1. Listeria monocytogenes
  2. Amoeba
  3. Vibrio
A
  1. Listeria monocytogenes
94
Q

A patient is undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. He developed severe diarrhea. Cysts were identified which were acid fast positive. What is the causative agent? Final 2011

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

95
Q

A man has traveled recently to Bangladesh. After returning back to Kuwait, he developed profuse watery diarrhea, and the culture yielded sucrose-fermenting organism. What is the causative agent? 2011

A

Vibrio cholerae

96
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic for Vibrio cholera? 2010

A

Affects Human only

97
Q

A patient presented with symptoms of gastroenteritis after consuming shellfish. Which organism is associated with it? 2010

  1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Clostridium difficile
  4. Staphylococcus aureus
  5. Salmonella typhi
A
  1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
98
Q

What bacteria produces enterotoxin? 2009

A

Vibrio cholerae

99
Q

Which organism would adhere to the epithelium of small intestines and destroy it? 2008

  1. Shigella
  2. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
  3. Enteroinvasive E. coli
  4. Enteropathogenic E. coli
A
  1. Enteroinvasive E. coli
100
Q

What is the infective dose of shigella? 2008

  1. 10-100
  2. 100-1000
A
  1. 10-100
101
Q

What type of toxin in enterohemorrhagic E.coli? 2008

A

Verotoxin 1&2

102
Q

What mediates hepatic damage in autoimmune hepatitis? 2017, 2013, 2012, Final 2010

  1. Cytotoxic T cells
  2. Antibody-mediated cellular toxicity
  3. Cytokines
A
  1. Cytotoxic T cells
103
Q

Abnormal expression of which is involved in autoimmune hepatitis? 2017, Final 2016

  1. HLA class 2
  2. HLA class 1
  3. T cell receptor
A
  1. HLA class 2
104
Q

Which immune factor is found around the bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis? 2016, 2012

  1. Mast cells
  2. T helper cells
  3. Natural killer cells
  4. B cells
A
  1. T helper cells
105
Q

What is the mechanism of hepatocyte destruction in autoimmune hepatitis? Final 2014, Final 2013

  1. Macrophages
  2. Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
  3. Cytokines production from cytotoxic cells
A
  1. Cytokines production from cytotoxic cells
106
Q

A 44 year old female presents with jaundice and mild abdominal pain; liver biopsy showed an autoimmune damage to the bile ducts associated with high levels of GGT and immunoglobulins. What is the likely diagnosis? 2011

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

107
Q

Which immune effector is likely to be seen around damaged duct cells in primary biliary cirrhosis? 2010

  1. T helper cells
  2. T suppressor cells
  3. B cells
  4. NK cells
  5. Neutrophils
A
  1. T helper cells
108
Q

What disease affects women more than men and is characterized by chronic destruction of the bile duct within the portal tract? 2008

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

109
Q

What is the best major to control enteric fever? 2017

A

Good hygiene

110
Q

What is used as a treatment for chronic carriers of salmonella typhi and paratyphi? 2017

A

Gallbladder removal

111
Q

How do you diagnose enteric fever? Final 2016

  1. Plasma PCR
  2. Blood Culture
A
  1. Blood Culture
112
Q

What is the percentage of patients with enteric fever that become carriers? Final 2016

  1. 5
  2. 10
  3. 15
  4. 20
  5. 30
A
  1. 30
113
Q

Food handler in the hospital with S.typhi, what is the recommendation in this case? Final 2016, 2009, 2008

  1. Treat him with antibiotics
  2. Stop working until 3 consecutive stool specimens are negative
  3. Vaccinations
A
  1. Stop working until 3 consecutive stool specimens are negative
114
Q

A 3 years old with pyrexia of unknown origin. What is the causative organism? Final 2016, 2016, 2014, 2008

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Shigella Sonei
A
  1. Salmonella typhi
115
Q

What is the treatment of choice for enteric fever? 2016

  1. Ciprofloxacin
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Cefotaxime
A
  1. Ciprofloxacin
116
Q

What is the etiological agent of enteric fever? 2016

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Campylobacter jejuni
  3. Salmonella enteritidis
  4. Entamoeba histolytica
A
  1. Salmonella typhi
117
Q

When will clinical manifestation of S. Typhi start? 2016, Final 2012, 2011, Final 2009

  1. After penetration of ileal mucosa
  2. After penetration of mesenteric lymph nodes
A
  1. After penetration of ileal mucosa
118
Q

Which organ does Salmonella Typhi invade to reach the small intestine? Final 2015, Final 2014,

  1. Liver
  2. Kidney
  3. Gallbladder
  4. Spleen
A
  1. Gallbladder
119
Q

What is the most important and effective way to control enteric fever? 2015, 2014

  1. Provide clean water
  2. Vaccinate the infection
A
  1. Provide clean water
120
Q

A 29-year-old man from Bihar, India recently visited Kuwait presented with fever, weight loss and anemia. On examination, he had hepatosplenomegaly. What is the diagnosis? Final 2014, 2008

A

Typhoid fever

121
Q

What is the diagnostic test that is used to confirm the species of Salmonella? 2014

  1. Urease test
  2. Catalase test
  3. H and O antigens
  4. H2S production
A
  1. H and O antigens
122
Q

Which of the following is the best method to eradicate Salmonella Typhi? 2013, 2010

  1. Educate people
  2. Improve sewage disposal
  3. Clear the environment
  4. Vaccine
A
  1. Improve sewage disposal
123
Q

A 43-year-old Egyptian patient presented with a high-grade fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, rose spots, and bradycardia. What is the most likely causative organism? 2013

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. C.difficile
A
  1. Salmonella typhi
124
Q

What is stored in the gallbladder in a chronic carrier state? Final 2012

  1. Salmonella typhi
  2. Salmonella enteritidis
A
  1. Salmonella typhi
125
Q

A 23-year old Indian farmer presented with high fever for 5 days. On examination, he had bradycardia, leukopenia, and rose-spot rash on his abdomen. Diagnose. 2012

A

Salmonella

126
Q

A Kuwaiti student who was studying in India has recently developed fever, abdominal pain and rose spot rash; which drug can be used to treat him? 2011

  1. Cefuroxime
  2. Ciprofloxacin
A
  1. Cefuroxime
127
Q

An indian farmer presents with rose spot rash, fever, leukopenia, & hepatosplenomegaly. What drug is used to treat him? 2010

A

Ceftriaxone

128
Q

A 13 year old child presents with pyrexia of unknown origin. Serological tests show poly O and poly H antigens. What is the causative agent? 2010

A

Salmonella typhi

129
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a child diagnosed with Enteric fever? 2009

  1. Ceftriaxone
  2. Cefuroxime
  3. Ciprofloxacin
A
  1. Ceftriaxone
130
Q

What is the infective dose of S. typhi? 2009

A

1,000,000

131
Q

What are probiotics? Final 2016

  1. Live microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts will help to improve the overall health
  2. Non digestible food products that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms
  3. Killed microorganisms that have benefits
A
  1. Live microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts will help to improve the overall health
132
Q

What is the type of bacteria in the stomach? 2016

  1. Acid-tolerant lactobacilli
  2. Bacteroides
  3. Coliforms
A
  1. Acid-tolerant lactobacilli
133
Q

Which species predominates in the distal colon? 2015

A

Anaerobes

134
Q

What is the predominant flora located in the duodenum? 2012

  1. Enterobacter faecalis
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Salmonella
A
  1. Enterobacter faecalis
135
Q

Which organism is a probiotic? 2008

A

Lactobacillus

136
Q

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis for c.difficile? 2017

  1. Latex agglutination from stool
  2. Real time PCR assay
  3. ELISA
  4. Stool culture
A
  1. Latex agglutination from stool
137
Q

Which toxin does C.difficile produce that is critical for antibiotic associated diarrhea? 2017, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011

  1. Toxin type A
  2. Toxin type B
  3. C.difficile toxin
  4. Binary toxin
  5. Hemolysin
A
  1. Toxin type B
138
Q

A patient had diarrhea after an antibiotic course treatment. What is most likely the antibiotic? Final 2016

  1. Metronidazole
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Penicillin
A
  1. Metronidazole
139
Q

A patient with Clostridium difficile infection is treated successfully with? 2016, 2015

  1. Clindamycin
  2. Cephalosporin
  3. Metronidazole
A
  1. Metronidazole
140
Q

A patient experienced diarrhea after a long antibiotic course treatment? Which of the following could be the one? 2015

  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Metronidazole
  3. Clindamycin
A
  1. Clindamycin
141
Q

Why are infants/children not prone to develop C. Difficile associated diarrhea? Final 2014

  1. Enterocytes have no receptors for C. Difficile toxin
  2. No toxin production
  3. C. Difficile doesn’t colonize the intestine of infants/children
A
  1. Enterocytes have no receptors for C. Difficile toxin
142
Q

What is the gold standard test for diagnosing clostridium difficile associated diarrhea? 2014, 2011

A

Toxin detection in stool and its neutralization by antibodies

143
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate method to diagnose C. difficile-associated diarrhea? Final 2013, 2012, 2008

  1. Colonoscopy
  2. Imaging of the small intestine
  3. Detection of toxin B in stool
  4. Detection of the antigen in urine
A
  1. Detection of toxin B in stool
144
Q

What is the cause of C. difficile-associated diarrhea? Final 2013

  1. Vancomycin
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Clarithromycin
A
  1. Clindamycin
145
Q

What is the treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhea? Final 2013

  1. Vancomycin
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Clarithromycin
A
  1. Vancomycin
146
Q

An elderly has undergone colonic surgery, and then he developed diarrhea after taking broad spectrum antibiotics. What is the most likely causative organism? 2013, 2012, 2011

  1. Clostridium difficile
  2. Pseudomonas
A
  1. Clostridium difficile
147
Q

What will be isolated from the stool of a lady who developed severe pseudomembranous colitis and a culture that grew anaerobic bacteria that is positive for toxin B? Final 2012

  1. Clostridium difficile
  2. Salmonella typhi
  3. Staphylococcus aureus
  4. Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  5. Campylobacter jejuni
  6. Shigella sonnei
  7. Bacillus cereus
A
  1. Clostridium difficile
148
Q

What method is used for neutralization of C. difficile toxin B? 2012

  1. Agglutination test
  2. Latex agglutination
  3. PCR
  4. Tissue culture
  5. Antibody immunofluorescence
A
  1. Agglutination test
149
Q

What is the risk factor for acquiring clostridium difficile infection? Final 2011

  1. Old age
  2. Immune deficiency
A
  1. Old age
150
Q

What is the carriage of C. difficile in children & newborn? Final 2010

A

50%

151
Q

An elderly patient 60 yrs old, presented w/ diarrhea after ingesting antibiotic amoxicillin. What is most likely the causative agent? 2010

A

C.difficile.

152
Q

How do we diagnose C. difficile? 2009

A

Tissue culture of cytotoxin B

153
Q

What microorganism is associated with antibiotic associated diarrhea? 2008

A

C. difficile

GIT Module (16 decks)

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