Pharmacology - Part 1 Flashcards
What are Prescription Only Medicines, how do the public have access to them and how to optometrists have access to them?
PoMs are prescription only medicines. A medical prescription is written for a patient by a doctor and then is taken to the Pharmacy and PoM will be dispensed.
PoM require supervision of access to avoid side effects and to ensure the safety of the general public.
PoM can switch to P Meds but can then be switched back if high incidences of side effects are reported.
Optometrists can purchase some specific PoMs (i.e. eyedrops) without having a prescription.
What is a P Medicine?
A P medicine is a Pharmacy medicine. These can be given at the pharmacy so have some form of supervision. It is a direct sale to the patient. Optometrists can also supervise the sale of some P Meds (i.e. eyedrops)
What is a GSL?
A GSL is a general sales list drug. They are available to the public at large. Can be bought without supervision i.e. in supermarkets. The concentrations of drugs are considered safe. Assume that the Patient is reading any warning and is keeping away from children. Optometrists can sell and supply any GSL product. Some larger packets are P meds.
When drawing an dose response plot, what does 90% saturation mean?
90 % saturation means the drug concentration at the target site can be expected to be completely saturated with the drug. 90% effect where adding more drug will not produce a greater effect.
What does bioavailability mean?
How much of the drug actually reaches the target site.
What are the 3 types of drug target sites?
Protein, enzymes or membrane
On a drug blocking log dose plot, is the S shaped the normal way or is it reversed?
It is reversed. If the such blockage occurs then the 50% level for a drug binding is now an inhibitor.
What is a agonist?
A drug that activates a receptor
What is an antagonists?
A drug that blocks a receptor.
On a synapse, what do the blood vessels do?
The supply oxygen, glucose & neurotransmitter precursor substances to the synapse, as well as remove metabolites.
What do vesicles do at a synapse?
The temporarily store the neurotransmitter prior to its release.
What can happen to the inactivated transmitter?
It can be re absorbed back into the pre synaptic terminal by a transmitter re uptake transport protein. Or if it is a unbounded transmitter it can diffuse into the blood vessels and is inactivated by enzymes in the blood vessels.
What can indirect acting drugs do?
- Change the re uptake of the transmitter
- Change the inactivation of the transmitter
- Change the pre synaptic levels of the neurotransmitter
- Change the release of the transmitter.
Name two natural neurotransmitters?
Norepinephrine and epinephrine.
