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FSC370 > Pharmacology Overview > Flashcards

Pharmacology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

The effects that drugs have on the body

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2
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The effects that the body has on the drug (absorption, distribution, elimination)

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3
Q

What is an agonist

A

Chemicals that activate a receptor and produce a response

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4
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a response

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5
Q

Give an example of an antagonist and how does it work?

A

Narcan blocks receptor so opioids can’t bind

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6
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

Drug that binds to and activates a given receptor but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist.

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7
Q

What is absorption?

A

Movement of the drug from site of administration to the blood circulation

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8
Q

What is first-pass metabolism?

A

Potentially harmful chemicals pass via the portal vein to the liver, where they are chemically altered.

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9
Q

Why might certain drugs administered by injection or in high doses?

A

To avoid breakdown in first-pass metabolism.

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10
Q

What are the two main types administration routes for drugs?

A

Enteral and parenteral

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11
Q

Give examples of enteral administration routes.

A

Oral
Sublingual
Rectal

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12
Q

Give examples of parenteral administration routes.

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous

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13
Q

What are two additional routes of administration besides enteral and parenteral?

A

Inhalation
Topical

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14
Q

What is the most rapid and accurate method of drug administration?

A

IV injection

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15
Q

What is a drawback of IV admin?

A

Very quick onset of drug, little time to correct and overdose or allergic reaction

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16
Q

How is IM injection different from IV?

A

slower, more even absorption over a period of time.

17
Q

How can absorption of IM injections be slowed?

A

Combining drug with a drug that constricts blood vessels or with vegetable oils

18
Q

What is absorption like for drugs administered through SC injection?

A

slow but variable

19
Q

How is absorption effected by inhalation

A

Rapid, making drug effect rapid

20
Q

Why is absorption rapid for inhalation?

A

Lungs have large surface area and many capillaries

21
Q

What are the benefits of sublingual drug admin?

A

drug avoids gastric acid, enzymes, first-pass metabolism.

22
Q

Give an example of when it might be a good idea to use a sublingual drug.

A

Person is vomiting

23
Q

What are benefits of intranasal admin?

A

avoids first-pass metabolism, and bypasses the blood-brain barrier, allowing high brain concentrations

24
Q

How does rectal admin interact with first-pass metabolism

A

may be avoided depending on placement

25
Q

When is rectal administration beneficial

A

Infants or patients who are vomiting, unconscious or unable to take medication orally.

26
Q

What is drug action?

A

Molecular changes produced by a drug when it binds to a target site or receptor.

27
Q

What is drug effect?

A

Alteration in physiological or psychological functions

28
Q

What is elimination rate?

A

Amount of time it takes for the drug to be eliminated from the body.

29
Q

What term is elimination rate often described in?

A

Half-life

30
Q

What is the general rule of thumb for half-lifes?

A

Takes 5 half-lifes for a drug to be eliminated

31
Q

What is tolerance?

A

An individual’s reduced response to a drug following its repeated use.

32
Q

What is metabolic tolerance?

A

Increased rate of metabolism leads to reduced drug concentration, therefore reduced response.

33
Q

What pharmacodynamic tolerance?

A

Change of receptors, e.g., downregulation

34
Q

What behavioural tolerance?

A

Tolerance occurs in the same environment in which the drug was used but not noticeable in a novel environment.

35
Q

What is state-dependent learning

A

Tasks learned under the influence of psychoactive drugs may subsequently be performed better in a drugged state than drug free.

36
Q

What are the different type of drug names?

A

Chemical name
General name
Brand name
Street name

37
Q

Where can you find information about drugs.

A

Peer review literature
Manufacturers info (e.g., drug monographs)
Websites for drug users (Erowid)

38
Q
A

FSC370 (18 decks)

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