NPS - stimulants Flashcards
What is the major type of NPS stimulant discussed in class?
Synthetic cathinones
What is another term for synthetic cathinones?
Bath salts
Describe the chemical attributes of synthetic cathinones.
Chemically related to cathinone
Differentiate between synthetic and non-synthetic cathinones
Synthetic are designed to have increased potency
Why might someone abuse synthetic cathinones?
Cheap substitute for cocaine, aphetamines, MDMA
What are brand names for synthetic cathinones?
Ivory Wave
Purple wave
Vanilla sky
Bliss
White
Rush
Aura
What types of cases might involve cathinones?
Impaired driving
Death investigations
SA
Homicides
What are the 5 most commonly encountered cathinones?
Mephedrone
MDPV
Methylone
4-MEC
alpha PVP
Describe the physical form of bath salts
Powder and crystal form that crumbles easily
What is the colour of bath salts?
White to light brown
Describe the smell of bath salts
Slight odour
“Old feet”
How are bath salts sold (weight)
50 mg packets or containers
How can cathinones be labelled? 5
Not for human consumption
Bath salts
Plant food
Jewelry cleaner
Phone screen cleaner
What are the 4 possible routes of administration for bath salts?
Oral
Inhalation
Smoking
Injectio9n
What are the 6 effects of cathinones?
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Panic attacks
Excited delirium
Bizarre behaviour
Increased friendliness
Describe a cathinone high.
Similar to cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA
How long does the initial euphoria from cathinones last?
3-4 hours or longer
Describe the effects of acute administration of cathinones.
Serious adverse effects widely reported.
What are the long-term effects of cathinones?
Remain unknown
Why are people high off cathinones cited as an imminent threat to public safety by the DEA?
Cannot be subdued with pepper spray or tasers.
Describe the pharmacology of cathinones.
Increase in monoamine nts
Increased release of nts and/or inhibition of their reuptake
What ratio is important in cathinones?
serotonin:dopamine
What does cathinone’s increased effect on DA lead to?
Euphoric feelings similar to cocaine or meth
What does cathinone’s increased effect on serotonin produce?
More empathy, feeling friendlier
