NPS - stimulants

Question 1

What is the major type of NPS stimulant discussed in class?

Answer 1

Synthetic cathinones

Question 2

What is another term for synthetic cathinones?

Answer 2

Bath salts

Question 3

Describe the chemical attributes of synthetic cathinones.

Answer 3

Chemically related to cathinone

Question 4

Differentiate between synthetic and non-synthetic cathinones

Answer 4

Synthetic are designed to have increased potency

Question 5

Why might someone abuse synthetic cathinones?

Answer 5

Cheap substitute for cocaine, aphetamines, MDMA

Question 6

What are brand names for synthetic cathinones?

Answer 6

Ivory Wave
Purple wave
Vanilla sky
Bliss
White
Rush
Aura

Question 7

What types of cases might involve cathinones?

Answer 7

Impaired driving
Death investigations
SA
Homicides

Question 8

What are the 5 most commonly encountered cathinones?

Answer 8

Mephedrone
MDPV
Methylone
4-MEC
alpha PVP

Question 9

Describe the physical form of bath salts

Answer 9

Powder and crystal form that crumbles easily

Question 10

What is the colour of bath salts?

Answer 10

White to light brown

Question 11

Describe the smell of bath salts

Answer 11

Slight odour
“Old feet”

Question 12

How are bath salts sold (weight)

Answer 12

50 mg packets or containers

Question 13

How can cathinones be labelled? 5

Answer 13

Not for human consumption
Bath salts
Plant food
Jewelry cleaner
Phone screen cleaner

Question 14

What are the 4 possible routes of administration for bath salts?

Answer 14

Oral
Inhalation
Smoking
Injectio9n

Question 15

What are the 6 effects of cathinones?

Answer 15

Paranoia
Hallucinations
Panic attacks
Excited delirium
Bizarre behaviour
Increased friendliness

Question 16

Describe a cathinone high.

Answer 16

Similar to cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA

Question 17

How long does the initial euphoria from cathinones last?

Answer 17

3-4 hours or longer

Question 18

Describe the effects of acute administration of cathinones.

Answer 18

Serious adverse effects widely reported.

Question 19

What are the long-term effects of cathinones?

Answer 19

Remain unknown

Question 20

Why are people high off cathinones cited as an imminent threat to public safety by the DEA?

Answer 20

Cannot be subdued with pepper spray or tasers.

Question 21

Describe the pharmacology of cathinones.

Answer 21

Increase in monoamine nts
Increased release of nts and/or inhibition of their reuptake

Question 22

What ratio is important in cathinones?

Answer 22

serotonin:dopamine

Question 23

What does cathinone’s increased effect on DA lead to?

Answer 23

Euphoric feelings similar to cocaine or meth

Question 24

What does cathinone’s increased effect on serotonin produce?

Answer 24

More empathy, feeling friendlier

Question 25

Describe the potential for dependence on cathinone.

Answer 25

Potent rewarding and reinforcing properties
Users have reported symptoms of dependence and withdrawal

Question 26

What is flakka?

Answer 26

Type of cathinone related to many extreme cases of drug-induced behavioural problems

Question 27

What is another word for flakka?

Answer 27

alpha PVP

Question 28

How can Flakka be administered?

Answer 28

Insufflation
Smoking
Oral
Rectal

Question 29

How long may the desired effects of flakka last?

Answer 29

1-3 hours

Question 30

How long might symptoms of flakka last?

Answer 30

Several days

Question 31

Describe the case of Austin Harrouf

Answer 31

Fleeing demon-like figure, ran into a couple’s home and attacked them
Officers arrived, said he did not feel pain, not responding to dog biting, taser or three people pulling him off