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CPR II Exam #1 > Pharmacology Orientation and Scope > Flashcards

Pharmacology Orientation and Scope Flashcards

1
Q

Pro-drug

A

Converted to active drug by biologic processes in the body.

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2
Q

Pharmacotherapeautics

A

Determines appropriate use of meds to treat, manage or prevent SX.

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3
Q

Pharmacogenomics

A

Studies genetic impact on drugs metabolism, etc.

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4
Q

Chemical name

Generic name

Trade/brand name

A

4, 5-epoxy-3, 1,4-dihydroxy…

Oxymorphone hydrochloride

OPANA (Micardis, Keflex, etc.)

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5
Q

Synergistic effect

A

3 + 3 = 9

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6
Q

Potentiation effect

A

4 + 0 = 7

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7
Q

Functional antagonism

A

2 agonists interact w/ different receptors to produce opposite effects (adrenergic drug/vasodilator)

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8
Q

Chemical antagonism

A

Drug counters the effect of another resulting in decreased effect (CaNa2 EDTA and Pb/As)

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9
Q

Disproportional antagonism

A

Metabolism of a chemical is altered and the concentration and/or duration of the chemical are diminished (EtOh/Methanol > Alcohol dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Receptor antagonism

A

Receptor configuration/specificity

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11
Q

Therapaeutic equivalence

A

Drugs must be pharmaceutically-equivalent AND expected to have the same (1) therapeautic (clinical) effect and (2) safety profile.

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12
Q

2 requirements of bioequivalence

A
  1. Similar rate and extent of absorption

2. 80-125% of reference point

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13
Q

What are 3 categories of deleterious side effects?

A

Pharmacological
Pathological
Genotoxic

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14
Q

Micro/Milli is…

A

1/1000th

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15
Q

1 kg =

A

2.2 lbs

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16
Q

1 tsp =

A

5 ml

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17
Q

1 tbsp =

A

15 ml = 3 tsps

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18
Q

1 oz =

A

30 ml

19
Q

1 qt =

A

946 ml = 2 pints

20
Q

1 pint =

A

473 ml

21
Q

1 L =

A

1000 ml

22
Q

1 gal =

A

3.79 L = 4 qts = 8 pints

23
Q

Schedule 1

A

All non-research use is illegal under federal law. Not used in clinic.

24
Q

Schedule 2

A

No telephone Rx, no refills.

-high potential for abuse which can cause severe psych/physical dependence.

25
Q

Schedule 3

A

New Rx written after 6 mo or 5 refills.

-Moderate to low potential for psych/physical abuse.

26
Q

Schedule 4

A

Rx must be written after 6 mo or 5 refills. Differs from Schedule 3 for illegal possession.
-Low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

27
Q

Schedule 5

A

Non-opioid Rx. Dispensed w/o Rx.

28
Q

Pregnancy risk categories (4)

A

Risk exposure registry
Risk summary
Clinical considerations
Data

29
Q

Lactation risk categories (3)

A

Risk summary
Clinical considerations
Data

30
Q

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential (3)

A

Pregnancy testing
Contraception
Infertility

31
Q 
qd
bid
tid
qid
qod
A 
qd - daily
bid - 2x daily
tid - 3x daily
qid - 4x daily
qod - every other day
32
Q 
q am
q pm
qhs
ac
pc
A 
q am: every morning
q pm: every evening
qhs: every night at bedtime
ac: before meals
pc: after meals
33
Q

od
os
ou

A

od: right eye
os: left eye
ou: both eyes

34
Q

ad
as
au

A

ad: right ear
as: left ear
au: both ears

35
Q

po

sl

A

po: orally
sl: sublingual

36
Q 
iv
im
sq
pr
NGT
OGT
A

iv: intravenously
im: intramuscularly
sq: subQ
pr: per rectum
NGT: naso-gastric tube
OGT: oro-gastric tube

37
Q

2 major reasons in past years for drug therapy failure

A
  1. Medication errors

2. Patient compliance

38
Q

3 major steps of Drug Action in a Biological System and where do PK and PD come into play?

A
  1. Prescribed dose –> Administered dose (pt. compliance)
  2. Administered dose –> Conc. at site of action (PK)
  3. Conc. at site of action –> drug effects (PD)
39
Q

What ratio makes up the therapaeutic window?

A

Minimum effective conc. (MEC)/Minimum toxic conc. (MTC)

40
Q

Drugs w/ a low therapeautic window (TI)

A 
Digoxin
Li
Warfarin
Theophylline
Phenytoin
Gentamycin
Amphotericin B
5-fluorouracil
41
Q

On a dose-response curve, how is potency determined?

A

The drug that has an effect at the lowest conc. (furthest toward Y-axis)

42
Q

On a dose-response curve, how is effectiveness determined?

A

The drugs that have the greatest response (highest on Y-axis)

43
Q

“A” codes vs. “B” codes for therapeautic equivalence

A

A: drug considered to be therapeautically equivalent to other pharmaceautically equivalent products.

B: drug products that FDA currently does not consider to be therapeautically equivalent to other pharmaceautically equivalent products.

44
Q

2 classes of meds/drugs (1 subclass)

A
  1. OTC - no Rx needed.
  2. Legend - Rx needed.
    - A: Scheduled/controlled: based on abuse potential.
    - B: Non-scheduled/non-controlled: no abuse potential.

CPR II Exam #1 (30 decks)

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