Pharmacology of Skin Cancer - Sweatman Flashcards
what is the MOA of Imiquimod (the primary MOA)
agonist for Toll Like Receptors, TLR 7 or 8
What type of skin cancer is Imiquimod indicated for?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What is the route of administration of Imiquimod and why is this important?
it is applied topically
(go read over his slide about the specifics of application)
the rate of absorption and systemization of the drug is related to the concentration of the application and the surface area to which it is applied, and also how long the cream stays on the skin
what is a key side effect of imiquimod, let’s say if you’re gonna be knocking boots later
it can compromise the integrity of barrier contraception - somehow it eats through condoms
what is a general side effect of Imiquimod, and how should you counsel patients accordingly
increases photosensitivity - pts need to avoid direct sunlight to the treated area
What is the Hedgehog inhibiting drug? name
Vismodegib
what is an important side effect of Vismodegib, the hedgehog inhibitor
teratogenic -
male sperm also affected. so don’t jizz inside her
why is Vismodegib, a headgehog inhibitor, teratogenic?
this is not necessarily for memorization, just a way to help remember why Vismodegib is teratogenic
hedgehog family of intercellular signaling proteins are key mediators in processes in embryonic development. Their activities are central to growth, patterning, and morphogenesis of many different regions within the body plans of vertebrates - so if you inhibit this pathway in the neonate, will fuck up development
which type of skin cancer is there no targeted therapy?
squamous cell carcinoma
what drug works by stimulating IL-2 mediated functions? what type of skin cancer is it used for?
Aldesleukin, used for melanoma
what two drugs that we talked about require regular X-ray monitoring of patients - for pulmonary shit
Aldesleukin and INF-alpha
What drug promotes T cell activation through the removal of negative regulatory influence from CTLA4
Ipilimumab
what kind of skin cancer is Ipilimumab used for
melanoma
what two drugs target PD1? what skin cancer are they used for?
Nivolumab and Pembolizumab
used for melanoma
What is a common mutation seen in melanoma?
BRAF
are tyrosine kinase inhibitors teratogenic?
yes
the use of what drugs is predicated upon determining a BRAF V600E or V600K mutation prior to starting therapy?
Vemurafenib
Dabrafenib
(sorafenib, trametinib - although they do not explicitly target BRAF)
in general, is genotyping required for use of kinase inhibitors
yes
what is the target of Trametinib
MEK1 and MEK2
In general, what are 4 ways resistance could arise to MAPK inhibitors? (think pathways)
accumulation of a new mutation during tumor proliferation
activation of ancillary pathways, either up or downstream of the targeted block
activation of bypass pathways
all that malarkey of pathway feedback - one pathway is active, downregulates others - if you block that pathway, then other pathways become more active
What is the MOA of tirchloroacetic acid? what is it used to treat
causes a chemical peel
used to treat actinic keratosis
is oxybenzone a chemical or filter type sunscreen
chemical
for measuring efficacy of sunscreen, define the critical wavelength
CW represents the wavelength at which 90% of the absorbance curve resides
what does the SPF labeling of a product denote?
its ability to protect the skin from sunburn
what is the maximum SPF value that can be ascribed a sunscreen?
50+
what sunscreen products can be labeled as “broadspectrum”
those that protect against both UV-A and UV-B light
read over the sunscreen handout, he said there would be a question coming form that
$$
