pharmacology of bootcamp Flashcards
lolis
What is codeine?
Codeine is an opioid analgesic used to treat pain.
It acts on the central nervous system as a mu-receptor agonist to have an analgesic effect.
What is meant by ‘off-label’ use of codeine?
‘Off-label’ use refers to prescribing codeine for symptoms not officially approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA.
A common ‘off-label’ use is treating coughs.
How does codeine work to suppress coughs?
Codeine is hypothesized to work by suppressing the cough center in the brainstem’s medulla, raising the threshold for initiating coughing.
This effect contributes to its ‘off-label’ use for cough treatment.
What common side effect is associated with opioid analgesics like codeine?
Opioid analgesics like codeine commonly decrease gastrointestinal motility, leading to constipation.
What is gout?
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe pain, swelling, and inflammation.
Does codeine resolve gout?
No, codeine does not resolve gout, although it may manage pain associated with the condition.
What is the primary FDA-approved use of codeine?
The primary FDA-approved use of codeine is pain relief.
What is the risk associated with bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ)?
The risk of BRONJ is much higher in patients with prolonged IV bisphosphonate usage.
What factors influence the decision to treat or delay treatment to avoid BRONJ?
The decision involves many factors related to the patient’s health and treatment options.
What should be done instead of immediately extracting a tooth in patients at risk for BRONJ?
The patient should be referred to her physician to manage risks and discuss a drug holiday.
Who should the patient be referred to for extraction to minimize trauma?
A referral to an oral surgeon should be made to decrease the risk of unneeded trauma during extraction.
Does waiting 3 weeks to remove the premolar change the circumstances for the patient?
No, waiting 3 weeks does not change the circumstances as the patient is still on the medication.
What are bisphosphonates?
Medications used to prevent the loss of bone mass.
What is the recommendation for treatment with low doses of bisphosphonates?
Invasive dental treatment can be performed if used for less than 2 years.
What is the recommendation for oral bisphosphonates used for less than 4 years?
Invasive dental treatment can be performed.
What should be done prior to corticosteroid/antiangiogenic surgery for patients on oral bisphosphonates for less than 4 years?
Take a holiday from medication prior to and after surgery.
What is the protocol for restarting medications after surgery for patients on oral bisphosphonates for less than 4 years?
Do not restart medications until soft tissue healing has occurred.
What is the recommendation for oral bisphosphonates used for more than 4 years?
Take a holiday prior to corticosteroid/antiangiogenic surgery and do not restart medications until soft tissue healing has occurred.
What should be avoided for patients with high IV bisphosphonate use (monthly)?
Procedures that involve direct osseous injury should be avoided.
