Pharmacology /Nursing Management for Prediabetes and DM

Question 1

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 1

A metabolic disorder and an autoimmune dysfunction involving the destruction of beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of Langerhans.

Question 2

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 2

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition due to the increasing inability of cells to respond to insulin and decreased production of insulin by the beta cells.

Question 2

Explain the roles of insulin.

Answer 2

Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar- insulin helps move glucose from the bloodstream into cells.

Question 2

What are counter-regulatory hormones in normal
metabolism?

Answer 2

Counter-regulatory hormones are those that act in opposition to the insulin hormone. meaning they work to raise glucose levels)!

Question 3

Can you name counter-regulatory hormones? (there are four known)

Answer 3

The four known counter-regulatory hormones are:
Glucagon
Epinephrine (also called adrenaline)
Cortisol
Growth hormone

Question 3

Name risk factors for and at-risk populations of Type 2 Diabetes. Name 3

Answer 3

1) Obesity
2) Sedentary Lifestyle
3) Heredity

Question 4

Identify risk factors for Type 1 DM ( 2)

Answer 4

1) Genetics
2) Viral Infections

Question 5

Can Type 1 Diabetes be prevented? Yes or No

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What health promotion activities can reduce the risk factors associated with the
development of DM?

Answer 6

1) Lifestyle modification
2) Weight maintenance appropriate for body build and height
3) Exercise
4) Good nutrition

Question 7

Diabetes mellitus is significantly more prevalent in which populations?

Answer 7

African American, Native American & Hispanic populations.

Question 8

What diagnostic tests are used in the diagnosis of prediabetes

Answer 8

Prediabetes is diagnosed using blood tests that measure blood sugar levels A1C and Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG)

Question 9

True or FalseThe diagnostic criteria for diabetes include two findings ( on separate days) of at least one of the following: 1) Manifestations of diabetes plus casual blood glucose concentration > 200mg/dL ( without regard to time since the last meal), 2) FBG > than 126 mg/dL ( no calorie intake within 8 hours of testing 3) 2-hr glucose than 200 mg/dL with oral glucose tolerance test 4) Glycosylated hemoglobin ( A1C) > than 6.5 %.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Name current recommendations and nursing interventions for
the management of prediabetes and DM, including nutrition, exercise.

Answer 10

Consistency in the amount of the food consumed and regularity in meal times. Consume a low in saturated fats. Modify the diet to include omega-3 fatty acids and fiber. Perform physical activity at least three times a week ( 150 minutes).