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Psychopharmacology > Pharmacology Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

psychotic experience prevalence

A

8% of population

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2
Q

Criterion / cluster A symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
behavioral symptoms
delusions and hallucinations
disorganised speech 
catatonic behavior
negative symptoms
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3
Q

other symptom clusters in schizophrenia

A

cognitive
affective
aggressive

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4
Q

commonality of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

A

psychotic experiences

-> all treated by antipsychotics

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5
Q

shorter forms of schizohrenia-like things

A

schizophreniform disorder

brief psychotic disorder

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6
Q

non-bizarre hallucination

A

something that could occur in relatity

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7
Q

delusional disorder impact

A

described as limited impact on mail functioning

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8
Q

five dopamine pathways

A 
mesolimbic
mesocortiyal
nigrostriatal
tuberoinfundibulnar
multiple sites leading to the thalamus
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9
Q

dopamine pathways not affect by schizophrenia

A

Mesocortical
Nigrostriatal
Tuberoinfundibular

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10
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

the classical explanation
overactivity of DA in the mesolimbic pathway
discovered through schizophrenia-like symptoms of stimulants

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11
Q

tyrosine

A

DA precursor

gets pumped into cell

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12
Q

DOPA

A

created out of tyrosine
by TOH
transformed into dopamine by DDC

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13
Q

dopamine vesicle

A

VMAT2

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14
Q

DA transporter

A

DAT

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15
Q

DA elimination

A

intracellular by MAO A and B

extracellular by COMT and MAO and B

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16
Q

regional differences in DA reuptake

A

high reuptake in striatum

low in prefrontal

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17
Q

DA characteristics in prefrontal

A

limited elimination
due to volume transmission
can also attach to norepinephrine transporters

18
Q

D1 like receptors

A

postsynaptic

for D1 and 5

19
Q

D2 like receptors

A

postsynaptic

for D1, 2 and 3

20
Q

cAMP

A

inhibited by D1
stimulated by D2
regulates gene transcription

21
Q

presynaptic actions

A

D2 like autoreceptors regulate secretion
inhibit release
on axons or dendrites

22
Q

primary pharmacological property of schizophrenia medication

A

D2 antagonism

inhibit in postsynaptic neurons

23
Q

typical antipsychotic effect on nigrostriatal pathway

A

can induce Parkinsonism

akathisia (extreme restlessness) or dystonia

24
Q

long-term effect of typical antipsychotic on nigrostriatal

A

tardive akinesia

by making too many new receptors

25
Q

typical antipsychotic effect on tuberinfundibular

A

increased prolactine

strong effect on hormonal system

26
Q

typical antipsychotic effect on mesocortiyal pathway

A

even more negative symptoms

27
Q

D2 also blocks

A

M1: muscarine cholinergic
H1: histamine
alpha receptors: adrenergic

28
Q

M1 blocking

A

muscarine cholinergic
dry mouth
constipation
involuntary movements

29
Q

H1 blocking

A

weight gain

30
Q

alpha blocking

A

adrenergic
dizziness
hypotension

31
Q

atypical antipsychotics summary

A

less effect on motor and hormonal systems
same therapeutic effect on positive symptoms
5HT and DA antagonist but also partial agonist

32
Q

difference atypical to typical

A

5HT2A antagonist added

33
Q

5HT and dopamine

A

less glutamate
less GABA
less inhibition of DA
more dopamine

34
Q

atypical effect nigrostriatal

A

decreased indirect inhibition of DA via GABA

less side effects

35
Q

atypical effect mesocortiyal

A

reduced side effects because of more DA

reduced negative symptoms

36
Q

atypical effect on tuberinfundibular

A

dopamine and serotonin’s effects on prolactin cancel each other out

37
Q

Clozapine

A 
atypical antipsychotic
the gold standard
very effective
but highest side effects
and highest risk of agranulocytosis, a blood disorders
38
Q

three groups of antipsychotics

A

pines
dones
two pips one rip

39
Q

variables of antipsychotics

A

to which receptor do they bind
where
how much
to the left: more potent

40
Q

pines

A

much more potent on 5HT

41
Q

dones

A

higher or similar on 5HT compared to D2

42
Q

two pips and a rip

A

similar or more potent on D2 compared to 5HT

Psychopharmacology (6 decks)

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