Pharmacology Lecture 5

Question 1

psychotic experience prevalence

Answer 1

8% of population

Question 2

Criterion / cluster A symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 2

behavioral symptoms
delusions and hallucinations
disorganised speech 
catatonic behavior
negative symptoms

Question 3

other symptom clusters in schizophrenia

Answer 3

cognitive
affective
aggressive

Question 4

commonality of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Answer 4

psychotic experiences

-> all treated by antipsychotics

Question 5

shorter forms of schizohrenia-like things

Answer 5

schizophreniform disorder

brief psychotic disorder

Question 6

non-bizarre hallucination

Answer 6

something that could occur in relatity

Question 7

delusional disorder impact

Answer 7

described as limited impact on mail functioning

Question 8

five dopamine pathways

Answer 8

mesolimbic
mesocortiyal
nigrostriatal
tuberoinfundibulnar
multiple sites leading to the thalamus

Question 9

dopamine pathways not affect by schizophrenia

Answer 9

Mesocortical
Nigrostriatal
Tuberoinfundibular

Question 10

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 10

the classical explanation
overactivity of DA in the mesolimbic pathway
discovered through schizophrenia-like symptoms of stimulants

Question 11

tyrosine

Answer 11

DA precursor

gets pumped into cell

Question 12

DOPA

Answer 12

created out of tyrosine
by TOH
transformed into dopamine by DDC

Question 13

dopamine vesicle

Answer 13

VMAT2

Question 14

DA transporter

Answer 14

DAT

Question 15

DA elimination

Answer 15

intracellular by MAO A and B

extracellular by COMT and MAO and B

Question 16

regional differences in DA reuptake

Answer 16

high reuptake in striatum

low in prefrontal

Question 17

DA characteristics in prefrontal

Answer 17

limited elimination
due to volume transmission
can also attach to norepinephrine transporters

Question 18

D1 like receptors

Answer 18

postsynaptic

for D1 and 5

Question 19

D2 like receptors

Answer 19

postsynaptic

for D1, 2 and 3

Question 20

cAMP

Answer 20

inhibited by D1
stimulated by D2
regulates gene transcription

Question 21

presynaptic actions

Answer 21

D2 like autoreceptors regulate secretion
inhibit release
on axons or dendrites

Question 22

primary pharmacological property of schizophrenia medication

Answer 22

D2 antagonism

inhibit in postsynaptic neurons

Question 23

typical antipsychotic effect on nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 23

can induce Parkinsonism

akathisia (extreme restlessness) or dystonia

Question 24

long-term effect of typical antipsychotic on nigrostriatal

Answer 24

tardive akinesia

by making too many new receptors

Question 25

typical antipsychotic effect on tuberinfundibular

Answer 25

increased prolactine | strong effect on hormonal system

Question 26

typical antipsychotic effect on mesocortiyal pathway

Answer 26

even more negative symptoms

Question 27

D2 also blocks

Answer 27

M1: muscarine cholinergic H1: histamine alpha receptors: adrenergic

Question 28

M1 blocking

Answer 28

muscarine cholinergic dry mouth constipation involuntary movements

Question 29

H1 blocking

Answer 29

weight gain

Question 30

alpha blocking

Answer 30

adrenergic dizziness hypotension

Question 31

atypical antipsychotics summary

Answer 31

less effect on motor and hormonal systems same therapeutic effect on positive symptoms 5HT and DA antagonist but also partial agonist

Question 32

difference atypical to typical

Answer 32

5HT2A antagonist added

Question 33

5HT and dopamine

Answer 33

less glutamate less GABA less inhibition of DA more dopamine

Question 34

atypical effect nigrostriatal

Answer 34

decreased indirect inhibition of DA via GABA | less side effects

Question 35

atypical effect mesocortiyal

Answer 35

reduced side effects because of more DA | reduced negative symptoms

Question 36

atypical effect on tuberinfundibular

Answer 36

dopamine and serotonin's effects on prolactin cancel each other out

Question 37

Clozapine

Answer 37

``` atypical antipsychotic the gold standard very effective but highest side effects and highest risk of agranulocytosis, a blood disorders ```

Question 38

three groups of antipsychotics

Answer 38

pines dones two pips one rip

Question 39

variables of antipsychotics

Answer 39

to which receptor do they bind where how much to the left: more potent

Question 40

pines

Answer 40

much more potent on 5HT

Question 41

dones

Answer 41

higher or similar on 5HT compared to D2

Question 42

two pips and a rip

Answer 42

similar or more potent on D2 compared to 5HT