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Psychopharmacology > Pharmacology Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how to classify drugs

A

by chemical structure
by working mechanism
or by behavioral effects

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2
Q

NbN

A

neurscience based nomenclature
working mechanism based
not fully accepted in community and legislation

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3
Q

disadvantage NbN

A

too new
not acknowledged by some
e. g. WHO
lack of knowledge / evidence of working mechanisms

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4
Q

ATC

A

anatomical therapeutic chemical
indication based
WHO gold standard since 1976

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5
Q

disadvantage ATC

A

patient adherence goes down when they are described drugs that sound like they are not for their disorder
potentially increases stigma

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6
Q

anxiolytics

A

anti-anxiety medication
benzodiazepines e. g. Valium
non-benzodiazepines, e. g. Buspiron

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7
Q

antipsychotics

A

conventional, e. g. Haloperidol

atypical, everything that was invented later , e. g. Risperidone

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8
Q

antidepressants

A

tricyclic, e. g. Imipramine
SSRIs, e. g. Prozac
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), e. g. Nardil

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9
Q

mood stabiliser example

A

lithium

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10
Q

four stages of administration

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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11
Q

absorption in stomach

A

acid takes away 2/3

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12
Q

absorption in rectum

A

take away 1/3

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13
Q

topical

A

oral muscosa
nasal mucosa
easily taken out if someone has adverse reaction

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14
Q

sublingual

A

under tongue

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15
Q

buccal

A

between check and teeth

useful when someone is unconscious

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16
Q

albumin

A

in the blood

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17
Q

ways of distribution

A

extracellular: in blood plasma
intracellular: in water of body cells

18
Q

speed of distribution

A

depends on lipid solubility
higher the faster
how fast it diffuses through membranes

19
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

movement of the drug through the body

20
Q

blood circulation

A

takes about one min for a full cycle

there is an upper and lower body blood circuit

21
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

how the body responds to a drug

22
Q

concentration ranges

A

sub therapeutic range
therapeutic range
toxic range

23
Q

half-lives

A

distribution half-life: 100 to 50%
elimination half-life: 50-0%
after six elimination half lives 98% are excreted

24
Q

axodendritic

A

most common messaging

25
Q

pyramidal cells

A

stimulate other cells

in PFC, hippocampus and entorinal cortex

26
Q

chandelier neurons

A

axo-axonic communication
affect sensitivity of other neurons
usually inhibit pyramidal cells in cortex

27
Q

spiny cells

A

long axons
mainly in striatum
affected by Huntington’s

28
Q

Purkinje cells

A 
shaped like a tree
one axon, lots of dendrites
in cerebellum
affected by alcohol and Parkinson's
can be regenerated after alcohol damage
29
Q

interneurons

A

in brain and spinal cord
relay signals
form local short circuitries
short axons

30
Q

basket cells

A

widely branching dendrites
almost always inhibitory
in cortex

31
Q

double bouquet cells

A

inhibitory interneurons
dendrites shaped like two bouquets
in the cortex

32
Q

electrical encoding

A

only within the neuron

33
Q

chemical encoding

A

between neurons

34
Q

rough endoplasmatic reticulum

A

towards nucleus

studded with ribosomes

35
Q

smooth endoplasmatic reticulum

A

towards membrane
no ribosomes attaches
produce steroid hormones and detoxify cells

36
Q

slow transportation

A

2mm a day

proteins move to axon

37
Q

fast transportation

A

200mm a day

through vesicles

38
Q

anterograde

A

usual direction

soma to axons and dendrites

39
Q

retrograde

A

used to recycle proteins, growth factors and viruses

40
Q

neurons before birth

A

neuronal migration
neuronal selection
does not happen afterwards anymore

41
Q

neurons after birth

A

neurogenesis
synaptogenesis
differentiation and myelination
competitive elimination

42
Q

ways of neurons to die

A 
apopostosis = neuronal suicide, 90% occurs before birth
necrosis = inflammatory response, neuronal degradation

Psychopharmacology (6 decks)

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