Pharmacology l & ll Flashcards by Marah Joy M. FLORES

1st gen antihistamines derived from piperazine and used in motion sickness

a) Hydroxyzine
b) Cyclizine
c) Meclizine

a) Hydroxyzine

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1st gen antihistamines derived from Ethanolamine and used in Parkinson’s disease & is a sedative hypnotic

a. Carbinoxamine
b. Dimenhydrinate
c. Diphenhydramine

c. Diphenhydramine

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antihistamines that is commonly used as a component in cold medications?

Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine

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a 1st gen antihistamine that is added w/ other antipsychotic agent to prevent delayed hypersensitivity reactions

Brompheniramine
Chlorpheniramine
Promethazine (Phenergan®)
Cyproheptadine (Periactin®)

Promethazine (Phenergan®)

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1st gen antihistamines used in carcinoid syndrome

Brompheniramine
Chlorpheniramine
Promethazine (Phenergan®)
Cyproheptadine (Periactin®)

Cyproheptadine (Periactin®)

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a 2nd gen antihistamine H1 blocker used in IgE immediate allergies

Cyclizine
Meclizine
Acrivastine
Cetirizine

Cetirizine

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5-HT1A Serotonin Agonists used as Sedative-hypnotic; anxiolytic

Buspirone
Sumatriptan
Lorcaserin
Ondansetron

Buspirone

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5-HT2C Serotonin Agonists used as Tx for obesity

Buspirone
Sumatriptan
Lorcaserin
Ondansetron

Lorcaserin

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5-HT2A Serotonin Agonists used as Tocolytic (slow/stop uterus contractions during pregnancy)

Phenoxybenzamine
Cyproheptadine
Methysergide
Ondansetron

Methysergide

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5-HT3 Serotonin Agonists used as Antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced N&V

Ondansetron, Tropisetron, Dolasetron, Ramosetron, Granisefron

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5-HT1B/1D Serotonin Agonists used in specific migraine?

Sumatriptan, Almotriptan, Eletriptan, Frovatriptan

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5-HT4 Serotonin Agonists used in Constipation dominant irritable bowel syndrome

Tegaserod, Cisapride, Mosopride

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5-HT2 Serotonin Agonists used in Carcinoid syndrome

Phenoxybenzamine, Cyproheptadine

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PGF2𝛂 used in glaucoma

Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost

Bimatoprost

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PGE2 used to Stop bleeding after pregnancy, can terminate pregnancy

Dinoprostone
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Beraprost

Dinoprostone

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PGI2 used to Tx Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Dinoprostone
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Beraprost

Epoprostenol

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PGE1 that is a vasodilator

Alprostadil
Bimatoprost
Dinoprostone
Misoprostol
Epoprostenol

Alprostadil

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PGE1 that is used to prevent ulcers, often abuse as induction agent in 2nd trimester; abortive

Alprostadil
Bimatoprost
Dinoprostone
Misoprostol
Epoprostenol

Misoprostol

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Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetics used to diagnose asthma

Methacholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine
Bethanechol

Methacholine

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Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetics used for glaucoma

Methacholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine
Bethanechol

Carbachol
Pilocarpine

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Direct-Acting Parasympathomimetics used for urinary retention & obstructive paralytic ileus

Methacholine
Carbachol
Pilocarpine
Bethanechol

Bethanechol

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Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics; 1st line Tx for Atropine toxicity & anticholinergic poisoning

Pyridostigmine
Rivastigmine
Ambenonium
Demecarium
Neostigmine

Neostigmine

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Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics used in Alzheimer’s disease 👴🧓

Pyridostigmine
Rivastigmine
Ambenonium
Demecarium
Neostigmine

Rivastigmine

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Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics for MG that is refractory to Neostigmine & Pyridostigmine

Pyridostigmine
Rivastigmine
Ambenonium
Demecarium
Neostigmine

Ambenonium

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widely used anticholinesterase for MG 🦴🦴 Pyridostigmine Rivastigmine Ambenonium Demecarium Neostigmine

Pyridostigmine

Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics for Glaucoma 👁️👁️ Pyridostigmine Rivastigmine Ambenonium Demecarium Neostigmine

Demecarium

Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics used to Dx Myasthenia Gravis (MG) 🦴🦴 Ambenonium Demecarium Edrophonium

Edrophonium

4 insecticides used in biological warfare

Isoflurophate Echothiophate Malathion Parathion

AChE regenerators used in sarin poisoning together with atropine

Pralidoxime (PAM) Diacetylmonoxime (DAM)

Parasympatholytic agent used to Mgtx of cholinergic poisoning & symptomatic heart block/bradycardia Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Atropine Tiotropium (Spiriva®) Scopolamine/Hyoscine

Atropine

Bronchodilators Hydrobromide salt Methyl Bromide salt Scopolamine/Hyoscine Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Salbutamol, Tiotropium (Spiriva®)

Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Salbutamol, Tiotropium (Spiriva®)

Anti Motion sickness Hydrobromide salt Methyl Bromide salt Scopolamine/Hyoscine Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Salbutamol, Tiotropium (Spiriva®)

Scopolamine/Hyoscine

Antispasmodic for GIT Hydrobromide salt Methyl Bromide salt Scopolamine/Hyoscine Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Salbutamol, Tiotropium (Spiriva®)

Methyl Bromide salt

Mydriatic-cycloplegic Hydrobromide salt Methyl Bromide salt Scopolamine/Hyoscine Ipratropium (Atrovent®), Salbutamol, Tiotropium (Spiriva®)

Hydrobromide salt

antimuscarinic agent used in local muscle spasms

Orphenadrine (+Paracetamol) Norgesic®

Tx/Mgx for Parasympatholytic Toxicity specifically in seizures

Diazepam

Tx/Mgx for Parasympatholytic Toxicity in Severe cases

Physostigmine

Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan is an example of ANTI-NICOTINICS/GANGLIONIC Blockers NEUROMUSCULAR Blockers Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

ANTI-NICOTINICS/GANGLIONIC Blockers

Succinylcholine, Decamethonium is an example of ANTI-NICOTINICS/GANGLIONIC Blockers NEUROMUSCULAR Blockers Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

NEUROMUSCULAR Blockers

Tubocurarine, Pancuronium is an example of ANTI-NICOTINICS/GANGLIONIC Blockers NEUROMUSCULAR Blockers Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers

severe epilepsy with mental retardation of unknown cause & is refractory to some agents

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

most common generalized epileptic syndrome characterized by myoclonic, tonic-clonic & absence seizures.

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

common in children (3 to 16 y.o.), alterations of consciousness for 10-30 sec, starting with occasional blinking & loss of postural tone.

Absence (Petit Mal)

there's abnormal movements that usually occur on the face & limbs.

Myoclonic

muscle Jerking, salivation, tachycardia, incontinence.

Clonic

patient fall to the ground, muscle rigidity

Tonic

series of grand mal seizures with no recovery of consciousness in between episodes

Status Epilepticus

sudden loss of postural tone

Atonic

with high fever causing seizures & convulsions, common in children (3 mos. to 5 yrs old)

Febrile Seizures

1st line agent for Partial seizures w/ GTC

CBZ & Phenytoin; Lamotrigine, Topiramate

DOC for Absence (Petit Mal) seizures

Ethosuximide; Clonazepam, Topiramate

Initial Management for Status Epilepticus Lorazepam Diazepam Phenobarbital

Lorazepam

DOC for Status Epilepticus in adults Lorazepam Diazepam Phenobarbital

Diazepam

DOC for Status Epilepticus in children Lorazepam Diazepam Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital

anti seizure drug that blocks Na+ & T-TYPE Ca+ channels. S/E: hepatotoxic, false (+) urine ketone tests VPA (Depakene®) Carbamazepine/CBZ (Tegretol®) Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

VPA (Depakene®)

anti seizure drugs that blocks Na+ channels; also used for bipolar disorders VPA (Depakene®) Carbamazepine/CBZ (Tegretol®) Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

Carbamazepine/CBZ (Tegretol®)

anti seizure drugs that blocks Na* Channels; highly protein bound and a potent enzyme inducer. VPA (Depakene®) Carbamazepine/CBZ (Tegretol®) Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

Phenytoin (Dilantin®)

inhalational anesthetic DOC in Tx malignant hyperthermia & neuroleptic malignant syndrome Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Dantrolene

inhalational anesthetic used in pediatric population because of its pleasant odor & lack of hepatotoxicity Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Halothane

Most potent, most toxic; Inhalational anesthetic of choice for labor Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Methoxyflurane

old anesthetic of choice for asthmatic patients Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Enflurane

new anesthetic of choice for asthmatic patients Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Sevoflurane

Inhalational anesthetic preferred in neurosurgery Halothane Dantrolene Methoxyflurane Enflurane Isoflurane Sevoflurane

Isoflurane

ULTRA-SHORT ACTING BARBITURATES Thiopental Propofol Cocaine Kitamine

Thiopental

commonly used & most popular IV anesthetic; DOC for inducing anesthesia in ambulatory surgery Thiopental Propofol Cocaine Kitamine

Propofol

1st local anesthetic discovered Thiopental Propofol Cocaine Kitamine

Cocaine

Dopamine-2 antagonists that causes retinal & corneal deposits Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) Promethazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine Thioridazine (Mellaril), Piperacetazine Fluphenazine, Prochlorperazine

Thioridazine (Mellaril), Piperacetazine

Dopamine-2 antagonists that causes strong sedation Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) Promethazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine Thioridazine (Mellaril), Piperacetazine Fluphenazine, Prochlorperazine

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®)

most potent Dopamine-2 antagonists Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) Promethazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine Thioridazine (Mellaril), Piperacetazine Fluphenazine, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiethylperazine, Perphenazine

Thioridazine (Mellaril), Piperacetazine Fluphenazine, Prochlorperazine, Trifluoperazine, Thiethylperazine, Perphenazine

Fatal agranulocytosis:

Clozapine

weight gain:

Clozapine & Olanzapine

DOC for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome:

Bromocriptine; Dantrolene

1st line treatment of major depression TCA's MAOIs SSRIs Li Salts

SSRIs Fuoxetine (Prozac), Fluvoxamine, Sertraline (Zoloft"), Paroxetine, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Vilazodone

DOC and is the only agent that improves TRAP in Parkinson's disease

Levodopa + Carbidopa

Guaifenesin (Robitussin®) Expectorants Mucolytics Antitussives

Expectorants

Butamirate citrate, Dextromethorphan Expectorants Mucolytics Antitussives

Antitussives

Bromhexine, Carbocisteine, Ambroxol Expectorants Mucolytics Antitussives

Mucolytics

Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cephapirin, Cephalothin, Cephradine

!st gen

Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Cefprozil, Cefamandole, Ceforanide, Cefonicid

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

Cefepime, Cefpirome

4th Generation Cephalosporins

Ceftaroline, Ceftolozane

5th Generation Cephalosporins

DOC for Leptospirosis.

Doxycycline

used in Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Demeclocycline