Pharmacology History Flashcards
Why were the Smith and Ebres papyruses of significance?
Contained recipes for precriptions
When did the first vaccination for smallpox occur?
In India around 600BC
What did Paracelsus, the Swiss surgeon who denounced the notion of humors, popularize?
The use of tinctures and extracts
William Harvey, in 1628, was the first to _______
describe passage of blood through arteries and veins due to heart beat
What was significant about the idea of an “active principle”
first time preparations thought of as a drug rather than magic with dose affecting magnitude of effect
What was the significance of Claude Bernard’s experiments with curare?
Found that it acted at neuromuscular junction - one of first drug mechanisms described
Who is JJ Abel?
The father of American psychology :)
John Langley discovered neurotransmission in the _______________ and developed the notion that drugs bound to a _______________
autonomic nervous system, receptive substance
Besides being the father of chemotherapy, what term did Paul Ehrlich coin?
Receptor!
In 1965, the first receptor ________ drug was produced
antagonist
An agonist ______ receptor while an antagonist ________ receptor
stimulates, blocks
Describe the three transduction mechanisms that an agonist employs
1) enzyme activation/inhibition
2) ion channel modulation
3) DNA transcription
An antagonist ______ receptor via blockage of ___________
blocks, agonists
Digitalis, a drug used in heart failure, is an inotrope in that it functions to _____________________________
alter force or energy of muscular contractions
What are negative side effects of digitalis?
1) blocks AV node –> can cause sinus bradycardia, atrial arrhythmias or first degree block
2) disturbs red/green color vision, points of light exhibit halos
