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B1 > Blood Cell Terminology and CBC > Flashcards

Blood Cell Terminology and CBC Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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2
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A

Major component of clotting system, plug holes in blood vessels

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3
Q

What are white blood cells also named?

A

leukocytes

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4
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Serum does not contain clotting factors

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5
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

fraction of whole blood composed of RBCs

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6
Q

Why is RBC described as “biconcave disc”

A

Disc-shaped with central concavity on each surface

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7
Q

How does RBC generate ATP

A

Glycolysis

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8
Q

How large should the central pallor on a normal RBC be?

A

1/3 diameter

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9
Q

Which of the following does NOT have a segmented nucleus

a) neutrophils
b) eosinophils
c) basophils
d) lymphocytes

A

d)

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10
Q

What type of leukocyte contains an irregular shaped nucleus and vacuoles?

A

Monocyte

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11
Q

Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a dark nucleus that takes up most of cell?

A

Lymphocyte

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12
Q

What is the color of the granules in:
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils

A

Red
Purple
Blue

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13
Q

A _______ cell is a maturing neurophil and is characterized by a bent nucleus

A

Band

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14
Q

What do monocytes differentiate into?

A

Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

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15
Q

Which of the following secrete histamine?

a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils

A

b)

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16
Q

Which of the following is the body’s first response to trauma

a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils

A

d)

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17
Q

True or false: Platelets have no organelles

A

false, have mitochondria

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18
Q

True or false: RBC count is naturally higher in men than women

A

true

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19
Q

Erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis may all lead to what?

A

Neoplasm

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20
Q

Thrombocytosis is a sign of ________

A

inflammation

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21
Q

Erythrocytosis causes a reaction to increased O2 demand called ____________

A

polycythemia

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22
Q

What is the formula for red cell distribution width?

A

RDW = SD/MCV * 100

23
Q

Anemia can be caused by which of the following:

a) low RBCs
b) low HCT
b) low Hgb
e) all of the above

A

e)

24
Q

How is hemoglobin measured in the lab?

A

RBCs are lysed then CN-containing reagent is added to form cyanmethemoglobin then absorption is assessed at 540 nm

25
Q

Hematocrit is normally measured using

A

CALCULATIONS! total RBC volume / total blood volume

26
Q

What is the difference between mean corpuscular Hgb and mean corpuscular Hgb concn?

A

First one is avg mass of Hgb per RBC, second one is concn of Hgb per RBC

MCH = HGB/RBC
MCHC = HGB/HCT or MCH/MCV
27
Q

Under which condition would you see high side scatter?

1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells

A

1) complexity

28
Q

Under which condition would you see high forward scatter?

1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells

A

3) larger cells

29
Q

Under which condition would you see the “disco ball effect”?

1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells

A

2) granules

30
Q

Define basopenia. Is it of clinical signifiance?

A

Too low basophils - often clinically insignificant

31
Q

What is the standard blood smear and how do white cell nuclei appear?

A

Wright-Glemsa, appear blue-purple

32
Q

Rouleaux formation, the coin-like stacking of RBC is due to increased ______________

A

serum proteins

33
Q

Agglutination, the clumping of RBCs, is induced by _____________

A

antibodies

34
Q

Define hypochromia

A

decreased hgb in RBCs, central pallor is >1/3 of diameter

35
Q

Define anisocytosis

A

variation in cell size

36
Q

Define Poikilocytosis

A

variation in shape of cells

37
Q

Define anisopoikilocytosis

A

general sense of red cell variance

38
Q

The ________ or __________ is seen in thalessemia, hemaglobinopathies and artifact

A

codocyte, target cell RBC

39
Q

The __________ is seen in sickle cell anemia

A

drepanocyte

40
Q

The _________ is seen in myelofibrosis and is shaped like a tear drop

A

dacrocyte

41
Q

Describe the steps of red cell maturation that allow it to exit the bone marrow and enter circulation as reticulocytes

A

Begin in marrow as large nucleated cells, then nuclear shrinks and hemoglobin is added. RBC’s eject the nucleus then enter circulation

42
Q

What is polychromasia and when is it seen?

A

It is an increase in nucleated RBCs - seen in times of increased RBC production or marrow due to stress

43
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies and what do they indicate?

A

Residual DNA from when RBC rejects nucleus that are normally removed by spleen
Indicates hyposplenic state

44
Q

What are pappenheimer bodies and what do they indicate (2)?

A

Iron granules

Indicate problem in iron metabolism OR hgb synthesis

45
Q

What is basophilic stippling? Where is this a common finding?

A

Presence of ribosomes that cannot be degraded

Common finding in lead poisoning

46
Q

Name two RBC parasites

A

malaria

babesia microti

47
Q

What is left-shift? What is another name for it?

A

Presence of immature granulocytes in circulation

AKA bandemia bc most common immature cell in circulation

48
Q

What causes bandemia?

A

Infection, certain drugs, neoplasms or marrow stress states

49
Q

What are blasts? Cancer of blasts is referred to as?

A

earliest marrow precursors, leukemia

50
Q

What changes occur in reactive lymphocytes, seen in proinflammatory states?

A

Get more cytoplasm, can develop nucleoli, and make pseudopodia that hug neighboring RBCs

51
Q

What are immature granulocytes often considered markers of?

A

early sepsis

52
Q

Where are hypersegmented neutrophils seen?

A

folic acid or vitamin b12 deficiency

53
Q

Clumping platelets =

A

spurious thrombocytopenia

54
Q

What is borreliosis caused by?

A

circulating tick borne spirochetes

B1 (18 decks)

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