Blood Cell Terminology and CBC Flashcards
What is another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
What is the function of thrombocytes?
Major component of clotting system, plug holes in blood vessels
What are white blood cells also named?
leukocytes
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
Serum does not contain clotting factors
What is hematocrit?
fraction of whole blood composed of RBCs
Why is RBC described as “biconcave disc”
Disc-shaped with central concavity on each surface
How does RBC generate ATP
Glycolysis
How large should the central pallor on a normal RBC be?
1/3 diameter
Which of the following does NOT have a segmented nucleus
a) neutrophils
b) eosinophils
c) basophils
d) lymphocytes
d)
What type of leukocyte contains an irregular shaped nucleus and vacuoles?
Monocyte
Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a dark nucleus that takes up most of cell?
Lymphocyte
What is the color of the granules in:
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
Red
Purple
Blue
A _______ cell is a maturing neurophil and is characterized by a bent nucleus
Band
What do monocytes differentiate into?
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Which of the following secrete histamine?
a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils
b)
Which of the following is the body’s first response to trauma
a) eosinophils
b) basophils
c) monocytes
d) neutrophils
d)
True or false: Platelets have no organelles
false, have mitochondria
True or false: RBC count is naturally higher in men than women
true
Erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis may all lead to what?
Neoplasm
Thrombocytosis is a sign of ________
inflammation
Erythrocytosis causes a reaction to increased O2 demand called ____________
polycythemia
What is the formula for red cell distribution width?
RDW = SD/MCV * 100
Anemia can be caused by which of the following:
a) low RBCs
b) low HCT
b) low Hgb
e) all of the above
e)
How is hemoglobin measured in the lab?
RBCs are lysed then CN-containing reagent is added to form cyanmethemoglobin then absorption is assessed at 540 nm
Hematocrit is normally measured using
CALCULATIONS! total RBC volume / total blood volume
What is the difference between mean corpuscular Hgb and mean corpuscular Hgb concn?
First one is avg mass of Hgb per RBC, second one is concn of Hgb per RBC
MCH = HGB/RBC MCHC = HGB/HCT or MCH/MCV
Under which condition would you see high side scatter?
1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells
1) complexity
Under which condition would you see high forward scatter?
1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells
3) larger cells
Under which condition would you see the “disco ball effect”?
1) high cell complexity
2) high granules
3) larger cells
2) granules
Define basopenia. Is it of clinical signifiance?
Too low basophils - often clinically insignificant
What is the standard blood smear and how do white cell nuclei appear?
Wright-Glemsa, appear blue-purple
Rouleaux formation, the coin-like stacking of RBC is due to increased ______________
serum proteins
Agglutination, the clumping of RBCs, is induced by _____________
antibodies
Define hypochromia
decreased hgb in RBCs, central pallor is >1/3 of diameter
Define anisocytosis
variation in cell size
Define Poikilocytosis
variation in shape of cells
Define anisopoikilocytosis
general sense of red cell variance
The ________ or __________ is seen in thalessemia, hemaglobinopathies and artifact
codocyte, target cell RBC
The __________ is seen in sickle cell anemia
drepanocyte
The _________ is seen in myelofibrosis and is shaped like a tear drop
dacrocyte
Describe the steps of red cell maturation that allow it to exit the bone marrow and enter circulation as reticulocytes
Begin in marrow as large nucleated cells, then nuclear shrinks and hemoglobin is added. RBC’s eject the nucleus then enter circulation
What is polychromasia and when is it seen?
It is an increase in nucleated RBCs - seen in times of increased RBC production or marrow due to stress
What are Howell-Jolly bodies and what do they indicate?
Residual DNA from when RBC rejects nucleus that are normally removed by spleen
Indicates hyposplenic state
What are pappenheimer bodies and what do they indicate (2)?
Iron granules
Indicate problem in iron metabolism OR hgb synthesis
What is basophilic stippling? Where is this a common finding?
Presence of ribosomes that cannot be degraded
Common finding in lead poisoning
Name two RBC parasites
malaria
babesia microti
What is left-shift? What is another name for it?
Presence of immature granulocytes in circulation
AKA bandemia bc most common immature cell in circulation
What causes bandemia?
Infection, certain drugs, neoplasms or marrow stress states
What are blasts? Cancer of blasts is referred to as?
earliest marrow precursors, leukemia
What changes occur in reactive lymphocytes, seen in proinflammatory states?
Get more cytoplasm, can develop nucleoli, and make pseudopodia that hug neighboring RBCs
What are immature granulocytes often considered markers of?
early sepsis
Where are hypersegmented neutrophils seen?
folic acid or vitamin b12 deficiency
Clumping platelets =
spurious thrombocytopenia
What is borreliosis caused by?
circulating tick borne spirochetes
