Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular Module > Pharmacology Diuretics > Flashcards

Pharmacology Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretic

A

Agent that increases urine volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natriuretic

A

Agent that increase renal sodium excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aquaretic

A

Increases amount of solute free water in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diuretics alter the excretion of …

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diuretics alter the handling of …

A 
K+
H+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cl-
HCO3-
H2PO4-
Uric acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classes of diuretics

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Osmotic diuretics

Loop diuretics

Thiazides and thiazide like diuretics

Potassium sparing diuretics

Adenosine A1 receptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The high efficacy diuretics / high ceiling diuretics

A

Loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Moderate efficacy diuretics / low ceiling effect

A

Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Low efficacy diuretics

A

K sparing and osmotic diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is filtered at the proximal tubule

A

66% Na+

85% NaHCO3

65% K+

60% water

Glucose

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used a lot as diuretics ?

A

Rarely used as diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide (diamox)

Methazolamide (glauctabs)

Dichlorphenamide (daranide)

Brinzolamide (azopt)

Dorzolamide (trusopt)

Ethoxzolamide (not used anymore)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Na+ H+ antiporter => H+ goes to lumen in exchange of Na+

H+ reacts with HCO3- => H2CO3

Breakdown of H2CO3 to CO2 accelerated

CO2 gets fast into epithelial cell react with H2O to form H2CO3 by cytoplasmic CA

H2CO3 then form H+ and HCO3-

NaHCO3 transported into interstitial space
Water follows it

Cl trapped into lumen

So if enzyme altered , no réabsorption of water and NaHCO3
Chloride gets into blood and makes it acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When taking CA inhibitors , why is blood acidic and urine alkaline ?

A

Chloride gets into blood making it acidic

NaHCO3 and water accumulate In urine making it alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Route of administration of CA inhibitors

A

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Should you reduce Ca inhibitors in renal insufficiency ?

A

Yes because of excretion done by proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can CA inhibitors help with glaucoma

A

ÇA help form carbonate for aqueous humour which increases intra orbital pressure

So CA inhibitor can help reduce it and help in glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Topical CA anhydrase for glaucoma

A

Dorzolamide

Brinzolamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Management of metabolic alkalosis using CA inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide can correct alkalosis as well as diuretics action in patients that require both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can CA inhibitors help with acidic urine

A

Can alkalinate urine containing excess uric acids and cystine which can form stones

Should monitor closely pH because too much alkalinization can also cause stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can CA inhibitors help in acute mountain sickness

A

CA helps produce cerebral spinal fluid Which increases at high altitude

Giving CA inhibitors will decrease PH & CSF volume preventing risk of edema in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uses of CA inhibitors

A 
Glaucoma
Metabolic alkalosis 
Urine acidosis
Mountain sickness
Epilepsy
Cerebral spinal fluid leakage
Hyperphosphatemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Side effects of CA iInhibitors

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Renal stones due to first for cheerio and hypercalciuria

Renal potassium wasting

Drowsiness paresthésia

Nervous system toxicity

Hypersensitivity reactions

25
CA inhibitors contra indications
Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy because of teratogenic effects Hepatic cirrhosis
26
Osmotic diuretics
Glycerin (OSMOGLYN) oral topical Isosorbide (ISMOTIC) oral Mannitol (OSMITROL) IV Urea (UREAPHIL) IV
27
Sites of action of osmotic diuretics
Proximal tubule and descending limb of loop of Henle
28
Mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics
Increase extracellular fluid volume Decrease blood viscosity Inhibits renin release by removing water from intracellular compartments All of this increase the renal blood flow which removes sodium chloride and urea from the renal medulla Decrease of medullary tenacity Decrease in extraction of water from the distal tubule Decrease reabsorption of sodium chlorate in the ascending limb So Natriuresis and water diuresis
29
Why is Mannitol only given through IV
Because when taken orally it can lead to diarrhea
30
How is Manitol excreted
Glomerular filtration So should ou athentikn when renal insufficiency
31
Asthmatic diuretics toxicity
Risk of Franck Pulmonary Edema in Patients with heart failure or pulmonary congestion Hypernatremia dehydration
32
Osmotic diuretics ContraIndication
Anuric patient due to renal disease Patients who are unresponsive to test doses of the drugs Patients with impaired liver function can’t take urea because of risk of Thrombosis Patients with intracranial bleeding can’t take mannitol and urea Hyperglycemia if patient takes glycerin
33
Some uses of mannitol
Reduction of Cerebral edema during neurosurgery Reduce intraocular pressure before glaucoma surgery MEliminates ingested toxic substances
34
Some uses of Glycerin
Reduce Corneal Edema Reduce intraocular pressure and vitreous volume before ocular surgery
35
Why is urea not use so much anymore
Bad taste and increased use of mannitol for same purposes
36
Isosorbide use
Emergency treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma
37
Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist Mode of action
Normally when adenosine is released => decrease in sodium chloride leading to decrease in water leading to less diuresis So if adenosine receptor is blocked, diuresis will increase
38
Type of Adenosine receptor antagonist
Less specific : Caffeine Theophylline Very specific: Rolofylline (too toxic so was removed )
39
Loop diuretics mechanism of action
Inhibits sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb
40
Most efficacious diuretic agents
Loop diuretics
41
Type of loop diuretics
``` Sulphonamide derivatives : Furosemide Bumetanide Torsemide Piretanide ``` Non sulphonamide Ethacrynic acid
42
Elimination of loop diuretics
By kidney by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
43
What agent can reduce secretion of loop diuretics
NSAIDs or probenecid | Compete for weak acid secretion
44
What loop diuretics Increase his renal blood flow via the prostaglandin action on the kidney vasculature
Furosemide
45
Clinical indication of loop diuretics
``` Acute pulmonary edema edematous conditions Acute hypercalcemia hyperkalemia acute renal failure anion overdose ```
46
Loop diuretics adverse effects
``` Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis otoxicity hyperuricemia hypomagnesemia allergic reaction’s ```
47
Loop diuretics contraindications
Severe sodium and volume depletion hypersensitivity to sulfonamides anuria unresponsive to a trial dose
48
Loop diuretics drug Interactions
``` Aminoglycosides anticoagulants cardiac glycosides antiarrythmic drugs class iii lithium Propranolol Sulfonylureas Cisplatin NSAIDs Probenecid Thiazide diuretics Amphetorecin b ```
49
Thiazide drugs diuretics
``` Chlorothiazide Hydroflumethiazide Chlortalidone Bendroflunethiazide Indapamide Metolazone Polythiazide Quinethazone Trichlormethiazide ```
50
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action
Can you beat sodium chloride transferred into the distal convoluted tubule Decreased calcium excretion
51
Side effect of thiazide diuretic’s
``` Erectile dysfunction extracellular volume depletion hypotension hypokalemia hyponatremia hypochloremia Metabolic alkalosis hypomagnesemia hypercalcemia hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Increase LDL and triglycerides ```
52
Drug interactions of thiazides diuretics on other agents
Diminish effects of anticoagulants uricosuric agents Sulfonylureas insulin ``` Increase effects of Anesthetics Diazoxide Cardiac glycosides lithium loop diuretics vitamin D ```
53
Other drugs impact on thiazide diuretic’s
Amohoterecin b and corticosteroids increase risk of hypokalemia Effect of thiazide reduced by NSAIDs and bile acids Drug that prolong QT (quinidine) have lethal interaction
54
therapeutic uses ofThiazide diuretics
Eczema associated with hurts disease Liver cirrhosis Renal disease hypertension
55
Potassium sparing diuretics
``` Spironolactone Eplerenone Amiloride Triamterene Nesiritide Ularitide ```
56
Clinical indication of potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone cowdministered with thiazide for edema and hypertension Spironolactone uses : Hyperaldosteronism Refractory edema hepatic cirrhosis Eplerenone in hypertension
57
Drug of choice in hepatic cirrhosis
Spironolactone
58
Side effects of potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia Megaloblastosis if cirrhotic patient Amiloride causes ( nausea, vomiting , diarrhea , headache) Triamterene ( nausea , vomiting , leg cramps , diziness

Cardiovascular Module (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions