Cardiovascular Disease in children Flashcards
Two categories of congenital heart conditions
Cyanotic conditions
Acyanotic conditions
Cyanotic Congenital heart conditions
4Ts
Double outlet right ventricle
Ebsteins anomaly of tv
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
4ts
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries. Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Acyanotic conditions
Isolated VSD ASD secundum AVSD PDA Pulmonary stenosis Coarctation of aorta
Systemic effects of cyanotic CHD
Neurological (CVA , chromosomal abnormalities with mental issues )
Hematological ( polycythemia, release of erythropoietin)
Clubbing ( megakaryocytes escape, platelets clumps which deposit in fingers and toes)
Cyanosis due to … in cyanotic HD
Obstruction of RVA outflow so intracardiac RL shunting
Mixing of systemic and pulmonary blood
Primary pulmonary hypertension
4 components of tetralogy of fallot
Overring aorta
Ventricular septal defect. (Large and non restrictive)
Pulmonary stenosis (determines RVH, cyanosis severity and timing of onset of symptoms)
RVH
TOF clinical manifestations
PS mild -> heart failure
PS moderate/ severe -> cyanosis at birth
Dyspnoea on exertion
Squating episode
Hypercyanotic attacks
FTT
Ejection Systolic murmur in pul area
Chest x ray of TOF
Boot shaped due to RVH
20% right aortic arch
ECG TOF
Right axis deviation
RVH
TOF management when severe PS
Give PGs
To open ductus arteriosus
TOF management in infancy
Palliative BT shunt
Total correction
Complications of TOF
Cerebral thrombus causing strokes
Brain abscess
Infective endocarditis
Heart failure
Hypercyanotic attacks
Systemic hypoxia and metabolic acidosis
Increased cyanosis
Very restless or lethargic
Unconsciousness
Convulsions
CVAs
Treatment TOF SPells
Knee chest position
Intranasal oxygen
Morphine subcut ( reduced qgitztok’ , and pul dilation )
Correct acidosis with sodium bicarbonate
Propranolol to induce vasodilation
Phenylephrine
