Cardiovascular Examination

Question 1

General appearance

Answer 1

Unwell
Breathless
Distressed
Signs of hyperlipidemia (tendon xanthoma, corneal Arcus)

Question 2

Signs of Infective endocarditis

Answer 2

Multiple linear reddish brown marks along axis of fingernails and toe nails

Purpura

Janeway lesions (painless erythematous maculopapules in palms and soles due to thrombi in small vessels with no vasculitis )

Osler’s nodes ( painful red papillon nodules with pale center found on fingertips due to micro abscesses of dermis )

Finqger clubbing

Question 3

How to recognize finger clubbing

Answer 3

More than 180degress

Schamorths sign

Question 4

Causes of clubbing

Answer 4

Infective endocarditis 
Cyanotic heart disease
Suppurative lung disease
Bronchogenic carcinoma,a 
Interstitial lung disease 
IBD
Primary liver cirrhosis

Question 5

Artery used to assess arterial pulse

Answer 5

Femoral
Carotid
Brachial

Question 6

Causes of large pulse volume

Answer 6

AR
Anemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Pregnancy

Question 7

Pulses paradoxus

Answer 7

Exaggeration of normal decrease in pulse volume during inspiration

Question 8

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 8

Acute severe asthma
Pericardial effusion
Decrease in SBP more than 15mmhg

Question 9

Pulsus aternans

Answer 9

Beat to beat variation in pulse volume

Advanced heart failure

Question 10

Slow rising pulse seen in

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis dual upstroke with decreased peak occurring late in systole

Question 11

Pulsus busferiens

Answer 11

Teomsystolic neats separated by distinct mid systolic dip

Seems in mixed aortic stenosis and regurgitation