Pharmacology: Chapter 4 Autonomic Drugs

Question 1

What is the ANS primary function?

Answer 1

Is an automatic modulating system for our bodily functions

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

Answer 2

The sympathetic (SANS) and parasympathetic (PANS) autonomic nervous systems

Question 3

What neuron originates in the CNS?

Answer 3

the preganglionic neuron

Question 4

What is the space between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers called?

Answer 4

synaptic cleft (synapse)

Question 5

Where does the cells bodies of the PANS originate?

Answer 5

In the nuclei of the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 10th cranial nerves and the 2nd-4th sacral segments of the spinal cord

Question 6

Where does the cell bodies of the SANS originate?

Answer 6

In the T1 (Thoracic) to the L2 (Lumbar) segments of the spinal cord

Question 7

What does the PANS greatly influence?

Answer 7

Digestion and Intestinal tract motility
Rest + Digest
(ie. Pupil constriction, stimulated salivation, decreased heart rate, airway constriction, stimulated digestion, bladder constriction)

Question 8

What does the SANS greatly influence?

Answer 8

Coping with Sudden Emergencies
Flight + Fight
(ie. Pupil dilation, dry mouth, increased heart rate, airway relaxation, slowed digestion, bladder relaxation)

Question 9

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 9

Is what is released when nerve action potential from a certain cell location or pharmacologic agent to interact and produce an effect on a receptor which dictates tissue response

Question 10

Pharmacologic agents can modify ANS activity by altering events associated with neurotransmitters, what are those events?

Answer 10

Synthesis
Storage
Release
Receptor Interaction
Disposition

Question 11

What is the neurotransmitter that is produced between the preganglionic and postganglionic synapse?

Answer 11

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 12

Nerves that release ACh in the synapse are termed?

Answer 12

Cholinergic

Also termed Nicotinic since the synapse can also be stimulated by nicotine

Question 13

What is the neurotransmitter that is released from the postganglionic nerve in the PANS?

Answer 13

ACh

Question 14

What does the postsynaptic tissue in the PANS respond to?

Answer 14

Muscarine (muscarinic)

Question 15

What is the neurotransmitter that is release at the postganglionic nerves in the SANS?

Answer 15

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 16

Nerves that release NE are termed?

Answer 16

Andrenergic

Question 17

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction? (Not apart of the ANS)

Answer 17

ACh = Cholinergic

Question 18

What is the principal mediator in the PANS?

Answer 18

ACh

Question 19

What are the principal mediators in the SANS

Answer 19

NE and Epinephrine

Question 20

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors in the SANS?

Answer 20

alpha (a) and beta (B)

Question 21

What does the stimulation of alpha receptors result in?

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction of smooth muscles in skin and skeletal muscles

Question 22

What does the stimulation of B1 receptors result in?

Answer 22

increased rate and strength of the heart muscle

B1 = humans have 1 heart

Question 23

What does the stimulation of B2 receptors result in?

Answer 23

vasodilation of bronchioles in lungs (bronchodilation)

B2 = humans have 2 lungs

Question 24

Cholinergic (Parasympthomimetic) Agents are classified as?

Answer 24

Direct Acting

Indirect Acting

Question 25

Cholinergic Direct Acting Agents

Answer 25

Act on the receptor site

Question 26

Cholinergic Indirect Acting Agents

Answer 26

Cause release of neurotransmitter