Pharmacology: Chapter 2 Drug Action And Handling

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

A biologically active substance that can modify cellular function

Question 2

What is the potency of a drug?

Answer 2

the amount of drug required to produce an effect

Question 3

Efficacy

Answer 3

The maximum intensity/effect/response that can be produced by a drug regardless of dose

More drug will not increase efficacy but can result in an adverse reaction

Question 4

Dose response curve

Answer 4

Where the dose of a drug is plotted against the intensity of the effect, a curve will result

Question 5

Therapeutic Index

Answer 5

Is a ratio of the median lethal dose (LD50) to the median effective dose (ED50)

TI = LD50 / ED50

Question 6

What is a receptors function?

Answer 6

What the drug binds to at the cell membrane to exert its effects

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

Is a drug that has affinity for a receptor, binds to the receptor, and produces as effect

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

Counteracts the action of the agonist

Three types: competitive, non competitive, physiologic

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates within the body, is changed by the body, and leaves the body

Question 10

What are the four major steps that influence the movement of a drug?

Answer 10

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 11

Simple diffusion

Answer 11

Where lipid soluble substances move across the lipoprotein membrane by passive transfer

Question 12

Active Transport

Answer 12

A process by which a substance is transported against a concentration gradient mediated by transport carriers

Question 13

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Does not move against a concentration gradient, transport via carriers

Question 14

Absorption

Answer 14

Where drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood

Question 15

What factors influence the rate of absorption of a drug?

Answer 15

The physicochemical factors
The site of absorption
The drugs solubility

Question 16

Un-Ionized means?

Answer 16

The uncharged portion of weak electrolytes readily crosses bodily membranes more readily because it is lipid soluble

Question 17

Ionized

Answer 17

Weak electrolytes will pass across membranes with more difficulty because it is less lipid soluble

Question 18

In the presence of infection, the acidity of the tissue ___ and the pH ___ and the effect of local anesthetics ___?

Answer 18

increases
Decreases
Decreases

Question 19

What are the different types of absorption?

Answer 19

Ionization
Oral
Injection Site

Question 20

Drugs that are least soluble with have the _____?

Answer 20

Longest duration of action

Question 21

Distribution

Answer 21

The passage of drugs into carious body compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids, and intracellular fluids

Question 22

Redistrubution

Answer 22

the movement of a drug from the site of action to nonspecific sites of action

Question 23

Metabolism

Answer 23

(aka Biotransformation) the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more readily excreted by the kidneys

Question 24

What is the first pass effect?

Answer 24

When drugs that are given orally and pass through the liver prior to being circulated in systemic circulation

Question 25

Excretion

Answer 25

Where drugs can be excreted by the kidneys, lungs, bile, GI Tract, sweat, saliva and breast milk

Renal (Kidneys is the most important)

Question 26

Half life

Answer 26

is the amount of time that passes for a drugs concentration to fall to half of its original blood level

Question 27

Kinetics

Answer 27

is a mathematical representation of the way drugs are removed by the body

Question 28

Route of Adminstration

Answer 28

Is the way a drug is administered which affects the onset and duration of response

Question 29

Duration

Answer 29

The length of a drugs effect

Question 30

Enteral Route

Answer 30

Drugs that are placed directly in the GI Tract by oral or rectal admin

Question 31

Parenteral Route

Answer 31

Bypasses the GI Tract and includes various injection routes, inhalation and topical administration

Question 32

Oral Route

Answer 32

the most common and most popular route of admin in the US

Question 33

Topical Route

Answer 33

application to body surfaces or sublingually (under tongue)