Pharmacology: Chapter 12 Drugs for the Tx of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
Cardiovascular Disease
Disease of the heart and blood vessels
What are the different diseases associated with Cardiovascular Disease?
Hypertension Angina Pectoris Coronary Heart Disease Arrhythmia's Heart Failure (HF)
Patients who have suffered an MI (Myocardial Infarction) should wait for ___ before receiving any type of oral health care
6 months
Heart Failure (HF)
Where the heart cannot pump efficiently, not being able to meet the bodies needs
What is Starlings Law?
Where the heart becomes enlarged to produce a more efficient heartbeat and cardiac output
Treatment of Heart Failure is indicated by?
American Heart Association (AHA) and the stage of HF and whether the patient has any comorbid conditions
At what stage of HF is it incredibly important to discuss risk factor reduction and to educate the patient and their family?
Stage A
What are the main actions of Digoxin?
To increased the force and strength of contraction of the myocardium (Positive inotropic effect)
What local anesthetics should be used with caution in a patient that takes Digoxin?
Anesthetic with Vasoconstrictor to reduce arrythmias
What are the signs of overdose in a patient that is taking Digoxin?
Nausea
Vision Changes
Copious Salivation
Define Arrythmia/Dysarrythmia
abnormal heart rhythm, used interchangeably
What should you check when working with patients that are taking antiarrhythmic medications?
Check for abnormal or extra heart beats when taking blood pressure and pulse
What should you check in patients who are taking Warfarin?
Their INR (The pharmacologic ratio that dictates how long it takes the patient to form a clot)
What is the most common side effect in a patient taking a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)?
Gingival enlargement
Define Angina Pectoris
A common cardiovascular disease that is characterized by pain or discomfort in the chest radiating to the left arm and shoulder
What is hypertension?
Diagnosed High Blood Pressure
THE SILENT KILLER
Most Common Cardiovascular Disease
What is considered HBP?
BP that is higher than 130/80
What is Essential Hypertension?
90-95% of patients have this
Familial
What is Secondary Hypertension?
Approximately 10% of patients
Associated with a specific disease process involving the endocrine or renal system
Can be eliminated by removing the cause
What is Malignant Hypertension?
BPs are very high and rapidly rising
Usually evidence or Retinal or Renal damage
What are the big four antihypertensive groups?
Diuretics
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)
What is hyperlipidemia?
Elevations of plasma lipid concentrations above accepted normal values
LDL?
Bad cholesterol, Because excess deposits of cholesterol are placed in artery walls and considered the most dangerous
HDL?
Good cholesterol, because they carry cholesterol away from the blood vessels
