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DENH 620 Pharmacology and Medical Emergencies > Pharmacology: Chapter 12 Drugs for the Tx of Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Chapter 12 Drugs for the Tx of Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cardiovascular Disease

A

Disease of the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

What are the different diseases associated with Cardiovascular Disease?

A 
Hypertension
Angina Pectoris
Coronary Heart Disease
Arrhythmia's
Heart Failure (HF)
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3
Q

Patients who have suffered an MI (Myocardial Infarction) should wait for ___ before receiving any type of oral health care

A

6 months

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4
Q

Heart Failure (HF)

A

Where the heart cannot pump efficiently, not being able to meet the bodies needs

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5
Q

What is Starlings Law?

A

Where the heart becomes enlarged to produce a more efficient heartbeat and cardiac output

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6
Q

Treatment of Heart Failure is indicated by?

A

American Heart Association (AHA) and the stage of HF and whether the patient has any comorbid conditions

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7
Q

At what stage of HF is it incredibly important to discuss risk factor reduction and to educate the patient and their family?

A

Stage A

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8
Q

What are the main actions of Digoxin?

A

To increased the force and strength of contraction of the myocardium (Positive inotropic effect)

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9
Q

What local anesthetics should be used with caution in a patient that takes Digoxin?

A

Anesthetic with Vasoconstrictor to reduce arrythmias

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10
Q

What are the signs of overdose in a patient that is taking Digoxin?

A

Nausea
Vision Changes
Copious Salivation

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11
Q

Define Arrythmia/Dysarrythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm, used interchangeably

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12
Q

What should you check when working with patients that are taking antiarrhythmic medications?

A

Check for abnormal or extra heart beats when taking blood pressure and pulse

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13
Q

What should you check in patients who are taking Warfarin?

A

Their INR (The pharmacologic ratio that dictates how long it takes the patient to form a clot)

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14
Q

What is the most common side effect in a patient taking a Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB)?

A

Gingival enlargement

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15
Q

Define Angina Pectoris

A

A common cardiovascular disease that is characterized by pain or discomfort in the chest radiating to the left arm and shoulder

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16
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Diagnosed High Blood Pressure
THE SILENT KILLER
Most Common Cardiovascular Disease

17
Q

What is considered HBP?

A

BP that is higher than 130/80

18
Q

What is Essential Hypertension?

A

90-95% of patients have this

Familial

19
Q

What is Secondary Hypertension?

A

Approximately 10% of patients
Associated with a specific disease process involving the endocrine or renal system
Can be eliminated by removing the cause

20
Q

What is Malignant Hypertension?

A

BPs are very high and rapidly rising

Usually evidence or Retinal or Renal damage

21
Q

What are the big four antihypertensive groups?

A

Diuretics
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)

22
Q

What is hyperlipidemia?

A

Elevations of plasma lipid concentrations above accepted normal values

23
Q

LDL?

A

Bad cholesterol, Because excess deposits of cholesterol are placed in artery walls and considered the most dangerous

24
Q

HDL?

A

Good cholesterol, because they carry cholesterol away from the blood vessels

25
Q

What are the drugs of choice to treat patients with atherosclerotic heart disease and elevated cholesterol values?

A

HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors “Statins”

26
Q

What is an anticoagulant?

A

Drugs that interfere with coagulation and prevent clotting

27
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

the body’s normal function to prevent loss of blood after injury to a blood vessel by clot formation

28
Q

Warfarins pharmacologic effect is ___ when therapy begins

A

Delayed

29
Q

The maximum effect of Warfarin take place after ____?

A

(5) half lives

30
Q

Warfarin is monitored by?

A

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

A function of prothrombin time (PT) of the patient, how long it takes blood to clot

DENH 620 Pharmacology and Medical Emergencies (16 decks)

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