Pharmacology: Chapter 3 Adverse Reactions

Question 1

Adverse reactions

Answer 1

are the undesirable reactions from a drug

Question 2

Adverse Reactions are divided into what categories?

Answer 2

Toxic Reactions
Side Effect
Idiosyncratic Reaction
Drug Allergy
Interference with Natural Defense Mechanisms

Question 3

Toxic Reactions

Answer 3

the amount of the desired effect is excessive

Question 4

Side Effect

Answer 4

a dose related reaction that is not part of desired therapeutic outcomes, where a drug acts on non target organs and produces undesirable effects

Question 5

Idiosyncratic Reaction

Answer 5

A genetically related abnormal drug response

Question 6

Drug Allergy

Answer 6

Is an immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis

Question 7

Interference with natural defense mechanisms

Answer 7

Where certain drugs reduce the body’s ability to fight infection

Question 8

Teratogenic Effect

Answer 8

A drugs effect on fetal development

Question 9

Hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 9

Occurs when the body’s immune system responds to the drug administered or applied

Question 10

Type I Hypersensitivity Rx

Answer 10

(Immediate, anaphylactic)

Mediated by Immunoglobulin E where histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are released producing vasodilation, edema, and inflammatory response

Onset in Minutes

Question 11

Type II Hypersensitivity Rx

Answer 11

(Cytotoxic)

Involving IgG or IgM antibodies fix to blood cells resulting in lysis

Onset Hours to Days

Question 12

Type III Hypersensitivity Rx

Answer 12

(Immune Complex)

Involve aggregations of antigens and antibodies in tissues causing inflammation and activating compliment by releasing neutrophils and causing tissue damage

Onset 2-3 weeks

Question 13

Type IV Hypersensitivity Rx

Answer 13

(Delayed)

Mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages which cause inflammation

Onset 2-3 days