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Semester 3 FS Exam 4 > Pharmacology and the Aged > Flashcards

Pharmacology and the Aged Flashcards

1
Q

Those over the age of 65 make up what percentage of all prescriptions

A

30-35%

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2
Q

Avg number of meds for someone in LTF

A

8

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3
Q

Drug

A

Substance that alters cell function

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4
Q

Side effect

A

Unwanted effects of drug

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5
Q

Effect

A

Action of drug

What the drug does

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6
Q

Adverse drug reaction

A

Undesirable or unwanted effect of drug

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7
Q

Compliance

A

Taking drug as directed

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8
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of affect of drugs at the target site (usually receptor)

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of time course of drug and metabolite levels in body fluids during absoprtion, distribuion, metablism, and elimination of drug

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10
Q

Polypharmacy

A

Taking a number of drug

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11
Q

How do normal age changes affect pharmacology

A 
Altered drug deposition and metabolism 
Dec lean body mass
Inc body fat
Reduction in liver function
Dec in proteins in blood stream
Altered absorption
Reduces stomach acid
Reduces GI motility
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12
Q

Altered Drug disposition and metabolism

A 
Dec body weight
Dec lean body mass
Inc body fat
Dec total body water
Dec plasma albumin
Redstribution of regional blood flow
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13
Q

Dec lean body mass - effect

A

There are fewer cells per unit of body weigth

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14
Q

Dec lean body mass - importance

A

Drug dosages calculated on presumption of X number of cells per unit of body weigth

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15
Q

Dec lean body mass - consequences

A

More drug per cell - more side effects, more toxicity, overdose
Need to recalculate dose for older adultd

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16
Q

Significance of inc body fat

A

Larger volume for fat soluble drugs to distribute

Prolongs duration of some drugs

17
Q

Liver function - aging dec

A

The number of liver cells
Blood flow to the liver
Enzymes to break down drug

18
Q

COnsequences of liver function change

A

Drugs remain active for longer period of time

Inc drug concentration in blood

19
Q

Role of proteins

A

Bind and serve as a store

Prevent drug from being metabolized

20
Q

Concentration of proteins in aged adult

A

dec 15-25%

21
Q

Consequences of changes in proteins in blood stream

A

More free drug leads to more activity

22
Q

Concern of dec proteins in blood

A

Illness and poor nutrition will worse problem

23
Q

Altered absorption

A 
Inc gastric pH
Dec splanchnic blood flow
Dec GI mobility
Delayed gastric emptying
Altered active transport
24
Q

Consequences of dec stomach acid

A

Reduced bioavailability of some tablets/capsules
Absoprtion of some drugs requires acid media
Altered rate of stomach emptying
Reduced drug absoprtion

25
Q

Consequences of reduction in GI motility

A

Less mixing of contents

Less exposing the drug to intestinal wall for absorption

26
Q

Net effect of reduction in GI motility

A

Delayed absoprtion

Irritating drugs do more damage

27
Q

Adverse drug reaction

A

Any undesirable or unintended drug effect
Includes side effects
Toxicity
Allergic reaction

28
Q

Classification of types of ADRs

A 
ABCDE
Augmented drug effects
Bizarre effects
Chronic effects
Delayed effects
End ot tx effects
29
Q

Augmented drug effects

A

Dose related effects of drug

Bleeding due to anticoagulants

30
Q

Bizarre effects

A

Uncommon, unpredictable effects

Anaphylaxis due to penicillin

31
Q

Chronic effecs

A

Due to prolonged treatment (many doses)

Colic dysfunction due to laxatives

32
Q

Delayed effects

A

Adverse effect not related to initial reason for drug

Second type of cancers after therapy for initial cancer

33
Q

End of tx effects

A

Effects occur when drug is stopped

34
Q

Causes of drug toxicity in older adults - provider causes

A

Duplication of medications
Imprecise directions
Poor drug history

35
Q

Causes of drug toxicity in older adults - patient causes

A 
Poor self selection of OTC drugs
Poor drug hx
Sensory and mental deficits
Drug induced confusion
Lack of knowledge drugs/effects/aging
36
Q

Causes of drug toxicity in older adults - pharmacy causes

A

Automatic refills
Error
No medication/interaction profile

37
Q

Guidelines for safety with medications for older adults

A

Make sure they know the meds they are on
Make sure they are taking prescribed amount
Refer on if you or pt recognizes side effects
Encourage pt to see pharmacist to review meds

38
Q

Causes for lack of compliance

A 
Inability to afford
Inability to adhere to complicated regimen
Cognitive, funct, sens impairment
Lack of knowldege
Denial of illness
Unclear instructions
Inappropriate dosage form
Feel better without med
Use of alcohol
39
Q

Compliance aids

A 
Calendars
Charts
Blister packs
Pill boxes
Programmable alarm devices
Caregiver training
Home health aides

Semester 3 FS Exam 4 (11 decks)

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