PHARMACOLOGY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT

Question 1

The time it takes the plasma concentration of a
drug to decrease by half

Answer 1

Half-life (t½)

Question 1

The lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered

Answer 1

Trough levels

Question 2

The highest concentration reached by a drug after the dose is administered

Answer 2

Peak level

Question 3

Child is taking griseofulvin for tinea capitis. What is the best recommendation to maximize
absorption?

Answer 3

To be taken with whole milk or fatty meal

Question 4

Child is taking oral penicillin for streptococcal
infection developed non-pruritic rash, nausea, and vomiting. What is the type of this reaction?

Answer 4

Non-IgE-mediated

Question 5

Child is taking oral penicillin for streptococcal
infection developed pruritic rash, swollen lips and difficulty breathing. What is the type of this
reaction?

Answer 5

IgE mediated “anaphylaxis” to penicillin

Question 6

What is the most common side effects of drugs in general?

Answer 6

Nausea

Question 7

Anxiolysis with the maintenance of consciousness

Answer 7

Minimal sedation

Question 7

Controlled depressed consciousness, airway
reflexes, and airway patency are maintained; the patient responds appropriately to age-appropriate commands and touch

Answer 7

Moderate sedation (conscious sedation)

Question 8

Loss of consciousness occurs; impaired airway
reflexes, airway patency, and ventilatory function; not arousable; not responsive to painful stimulation

Answer 8

General anesthesia

Question 8

Controlled depressed consciousness, airway
reflexes and airway patency may not be
maintained, ventilatory function may be impaired, patient not easily aroused but responds purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation

Answer 8

Deep sedation

Question 9

Complication of gentamicin therapy, especially in newborns?

Answer 9

Ototoxicity

Question 10

In order to decrease the requirements of morphine post-operatively in neonates, infants, and children, what is the best recommendation?

Answer 10

Give an appropriate dose of acetaminophen (oral or rectal) for mild to moderate pain even after major surgeries

Question 11

Which complication is associated with
erythromycin in children less than 1 month?

Answer 11

Pyloric stenosis

Question 12

Complication of tetracyclines in children less than 8 years old

Answer 12

Teeth staining

Question 13

Mother is asking if she can give her 5-month-old
benzocaine gel for teething

Answer 13

Not recommended; increases the risk of
methemoglobinemia

Question 14

What are the common side effects of ADHD
medications?

Answer 14

Weight loss, difficulty sleeping, palpitations

Question 15

In young children with aspirin use, and concurrent viral infection such as varicella, may cause

Answer 15

Reye syndrome