Pharmacology Abbreviations Flashcards
1
Q
a1 receptor
A
INCREASE: vascular smooth muscle cont, mydriasis, intestinal and bladder contraction
(Sympathetic)
2
Q
a2 receptor
A
DECREASE: sympathetic outflow, insulin release, lipolysis, aqueous humor production
INCREASE: platelet aggregation
(Sympathetic)
3
Q
B1 receptor
A
INCREASE: heart rate, contractility, renin, lipolysis
Sympathetic
4
Q
B2 receptor
A
INCREASE: vasodilation, bronchodilation, lipolysis, insulin, aquous humor production
DECREASE: Uterine tone
(Sympathetic)
5
Q
M1 receptor
A
CNS, enteric nervous system
Parasympathetic
6
Q
M2 receptor
A
DECREASE: heart rate, atrial contraction
Parasympathetic
7
Q
M3 receptor
A
INCREASE: exocrine secretion, gut movement, bladder contract, miosis, accommodation, bronchoconstriction
(Parasympathetic)
8
Q
D1 receptor
A
DECREASE: renal vascular tone (renal vasodilation)
Dopamine
9
Q
D2 receptor
A
modulates neurotransmitters in brain
Dopamine
10
Q
H1 receptor
A
INCREASE: nasal mucus production, vascular permeability, bronchiole contract, puritus, pain
(Histamine)
11
Q
H2 receptor
A
INCREASE: gastric acid secretion
Histamine
12
Q
V1 receptor
A
INCREASE: smooth muscle contraction
Vasopressin
13
Q
V2 receptor
A
INCREASE: H2O re-absorption
Vasopressin
14
Q
-azole
A
- ergosterol synthesis inhibitor
- antimicrobial / antifungal
- Ketoconazole
15
Q
-bendazole
A
- antiparasitic
- antimicrobial
- Mebendazole
16
Q
-cillin
A
- Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor
- antimicrobial
- Ampicillin
17
Q
-cycline
A
- Protein synthesis inhibitor (30s)
- do not take with calcium, magnesium, or iron
- antimicrobial
- Tetracycline
18
Q
-ivir
A
- Neuraminidase inhibitor
- antiviral
- Oseltamivir
19
Q
-navir
A
- Protase inhibitor
- antimicrobial
- Ritonavir
- HIV
20
Q
-ovir
A
- DNA polymerase inhibitor
- antimicrobial
- Acyclovir
21
Q
-thromycin
A
- Macrolide
- inhibits 50s subunit, bacteriostatic
- toxicity includes rash, long QT, and hepatitis
- antimicrobial
- Azithromycin
22
Q
-ane
A
- Inhalational general anesthetic
- CNS
- Halothane
23
Q
-azine
A
- Typical Antipsychotic
- CNS
- Thioridazine (also Haloperidol)
- used for schizo, mania, Tourette
- can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, QT prolongation, tardive dyskinesia (long term use)
24
Q
-barbital
A
- Barbituate
- CNS
- Phenobarbital
- facilitates GABA action by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening
25
-caine
* Local anesthetic
* block Na channels
* need more in acidic tissue
* CNS
* Lidocaine
26
-etine
* SSRI
* 5-HT reuprake inhibitors
* CNS
* Fluoxetine
27
- ipramine
| - triptyline
* TC
* block reuprake of 5-HT and norepi
* CNS
* Imipramine, amitriptyline
* lots of side effects including QT and anticholernigic
* Tri-C's: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
28
-triptan
* 5-HT agonist
* CNS
* Sumatriptan
* acute migraine, cluster headache, trigeminal nerve
29
- zepram
| - zolam
* Benzodiazepine
* CNS
* Diazepam, alprazolam
* facilitate GABA action by increasing frequency of Cl channel opening
* first line for acute status eplipiticus
30
-chol
* Cholinergic agonist
* Autonomic
* Bethanechol
* gets the bowels and bladder moving
31
- curium
| - curonium
* Nondepolarizing paralytic
* Autonomic
* Atracurium, vecuronium
* competes with ACh, competitive antagonist
32
-olol
* B-blocker
* Autonomic
* Propranolol
* class II antiarrythymic
* decrease cAMP and decrease Ca currents
* decrease slope of phase 4
* can mask signs of hypoglycemia
* exacerbation of COPD
33
-stigmine
* AChE inhibitor
* Autonomic
* Neostigmine
* myestenia graves and reversal of NMJ blockade
* no CNS
34
-terol
* B2-agonist
* Autonomic
* Albuterol
35
-zosin
* a1-antagonist
* Autonomic
* Prazosin
* orthostatic hypotensions and BPH treatment
36
-afil
* PDE-5 inhibitor
* CV
* Sidenafil
* increases levels of GMP which aids in vessel dilation
37
-dipine
* Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker to decrease contractility
* acts on vascular smooth muscle
* CV
* Amlodipine
* used for hypertension and angina
* may cause gingival hyperplasia, edema, flushing
38
-pril
* ACE inhibitor
* Renal
* Captopril
* decrease angiotensin II
* vasodilation, efferent arteriole dilation, decreased aldosterone, decreased ADH, decreased thirst stimulation, decreased Na+/H+ transporter activity
* increased levels of renin
* also prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilation)
* used to prevent unfavorable heart remodling with HTN
* cough, angioedema, increased creatine, hyperkalemia, hypotension (avoid in renal artery stenosis)
39
-sartan
* Angiotensin-II receptor blocker
* CV
* Losartan
* similiar effects to ACE, but no bradykinin increase
40
-statin
* HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
* CV
* Atorvastatin
* primary effect on LDL
* decreased mortality in CAD
* increased hepatotoxicity when used with fibrates
41
-dronate
* Bisphosphonate
* bind hydroxyapatite inhibiting osteoclast activity
* side effect is corrosive esophagitis, take with water and remain upright for 30 minutes
* Alendronate
42
-glitazone
* activates PPAR-y nuclear receptor
* increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
* side effects include weight gain and bone resorption
* Rosiglitazon
43
-prazole
* Proton pump inhibitor
* irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
* Omeprazole
44
-prost
* Prostaglandin analog
* Latanoprost: PGF2 increased outflow of aqueous humor
* Misoprostol: PGE1 increased secretion of gastric mucous barrier
45
-tidine
* H2-antagonist
* irreversible blockers of histamine H2 receptors
* potent cytochrome P450 inhibitor, antiandrogen effects, CNS effects
* Cimetidine
* "dine at the table": used to reduce acid in stomach
46
-tropin
* Growth Hormone (GH)
* stimulates liver to release IGF-1 which causes increased peripheral glucose absorption which causes growth
* Somatotropin
47
-ximab
* Chimeric monoclonal Ab
| * Basiliximab
48
-zumab
* Humanizied monoclonal antibody
| * Daclizumab
49
Cef-
* cephalosporin
* B lactam that inhibits cells wall synthesis but are less suspectiable to penicillinase
* Ceftriaxone
50
-enem
* B lactamase resistant carbipentem
* Meropenem
* always administered with clistatin to prevent deactivation of drug in renal tubules
51
-gliptin
* DPP4 inhibitor
* increases insulin, decreases glucagon
* used in type 2DM
52
Gli-
| Gly-
* Sulfonylureas
* close K+ channel in B islet cell membrane which causes cell to depolarize and Calcium influx which leads so insulin release
* requires some islet function
53
Metformin
* acts on muscle
* decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increase peripheral glucose uptake
* can be used in patients without islet function
* contraindicated in renal insufficiency
54
- isone
| - asone
* corticosteroid
* inhibition of Phospholipase A2 and NF-kB
* Hydrocortisone
* toxicity is cushing syndrome
55
Somatostatin
*blocks histamine release in stomach (decrease gastric acid), blocks GH release in A.pituitary, splanchnic vasodilation, inhibits insulin secretion
56
a1 agonist
- rine
- treats hypotension
- rhinitis, "tightens everything up"
- Phenylephrine (all have B properties as well except for Phen)
57
a2 agonist
- treats hypertension, can be used in renal disease
- clonadine, methyldopa
- can cause rebound hypertension (clonadine) and Combs+ anemia (methyldopa)
58
anticholinergics
- Benztropine: parkinson's
- Oxybutinin: bladder spasms
- Atropine: mydriasis and cycloplegia
- Scopolamine: motion sickness
- Ipratropium: dilate airways
59
B1 agonist
- Dobutamine: heart failure
| - Isoproterenol: brady-arrythmeias and tosrades
60
B2 agonist
- Terbutaline: short asthma
- Albuterol: short asthma
- Salmeterol: long asthma and COPD
61
cholinergic agonists
- Bethancol: bladder and gut contractions
- Methacoline: asthma challenge test
- Carbachol: glaucoma
- Pilocarbine: open angle glaucoma
