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Step 1 Basic Science > Pharmacology Abbreviations > Flashcards

Pharmacology Abbreviations Flashcards

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1
Q

a1 receptor

A

INCREASE: vascular smooth muscle cont, mydriasis, intestinal and bladder contraction
(Sympathetic)

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2
Q

a2 receptor

A

DECREASE: sympathetic outflow, insulin release, lipolysis, aqueous humor production
INCREASE: platelet aggregation
(Sympathetic)

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3
Q

B1 receptor

A

INCREASE: heart rate, contractility, renin, lipolysis

Sympathetic

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4
Q

B2 receptor

A

INCREASE: vasodilation, bronchodilation, lipolysis, insulin, aquous humor production
DECREASE: Uterine tone
(Sympathetic)

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5
Q

M1 receptor

A

CNS, enteric nervous system

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

M2 receptor

A

DECREASE: heart rate, atrial contraction

Parasympathetic

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7
Q

M3 receptor

A

INCREASE: exocrine secretion, gut movement, bladder contract, miosis, accommodation, bronchoconstriction
(Parasympathetic)

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8
Q

D1 receptor

A

DECREASE: renal vascular tone (renal vasodilation)

Dopamine

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9
Q

D2 receptor

A

modulates neurotransmitters in brain

Dopamine

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10
Q

H1 receptor

A

INCREASE: nasal mucus production, vascular permeability, bronchiole contract, puritus, pain
(Histamine)

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11
Q

H2 receptor

A

INCREASE: gastric acid secretion

Histamine

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12
Q

V1 receptor

A

INCREASE: smooth muscle contraction

Vasopressin

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13
Q

V2 receptor

A

INCREASE: H2O re-absorption

Vasopressin

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14
Q

-azole

A
  • ergosterol synthesis inhibitor
  • antimicrobial / antifungal
  • Ketoconazole
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15
Q

-bendazole

A
  • antiparasitic
  • antimicrobial
  • Mebendazole
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16
Q

-cillin

A
  • Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor
  • antimicrobial
  • Ampicillin
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17
Q

-cycline

A
  • Protein synthesis inhibitor (30s)
  • do not take with calcium, magnesium, or iron
  • antimicrobial
  • Tetracycline
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18
Q

-ivir

A
  • Neuraminidase inhibitor
  • antiviral
  • Oseltamivir
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19
Q

-navir

A
  • Protase inhibitor
  • antimicrobial
  • Ritonavir
  • HIV
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20
Q

-ovir

A
  • DNA polymerase inhibitor
  • antimicrobial
  • Acyclovir
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21
Q

-thromycin

A
  • Macrolide
  • inhibits 50s subunit, bacteriostatic
  • toxicity includes rash, long QT, and hepatitis
  • antimicrobial
  • Azithromycin
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22
Q

-ane

A
  • Inhalational general anesthetic
  • CNS
  • Halothane
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23
Q

-azine

A
  • Typical Antipsychotic
  • CNS
  • Thioridazine (also Haloperidol)
  • used for schizo, mania, Tourette
  • can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, QT prolongation, tardive dyskinesia (long term use)
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24
Q

-barbital

A
  • Barbituate
  • CNS
  • Phenobarbital
  • facilitates GABA action by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening
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25
Q

-caine

A
  • Local anesthetic
  • block Na channels
  • need more in acidic tissue
  • CNS
  • Lidocaine
26
Q

-etine

A
  • SSRI
  • 5-HT reuprake inhibitors
  • CNS
  • Fluoxetine
27
Q
  • ipramine

- triptyline

A
  • TC
  • block reuprake of 5-HT and norepi
  • CNS
  • Imipramine, amitriptyline
  • lots of side effects including QT and anticholernigic
  • Tri-C’s: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
28
Q

-triptan

A
  • 5-HT agonist
  • CNS
  • Sumatriptan
  • acute migraine, cluster headache, trigeminal nerve
29
Q
  • zepram

- zolam

A
  • Benzodiazepine
  • CNS
  • Diazepam, alprazolam
  • facilitate GABA action by increasing frequency of Cl channel opening
  • first line for acute status eplipiticus
30
Q

-chol

A
  • Cholinergic agonist
  • Autonomic
  • Bethanechol
  • gets the bowels and bladder moving
31
Q
  • curium

- curonium

A
  • Nondepolarizing paralytic
  • Autonomic
  • Atracurium, vecuronium
  • competes with ACh, competitive antagonist
32
Q

-olol

A
  • B-blocker
  • Autonomic
  • Propranolol
  • class II antiarrythymic
  • decrease cAMP and decrease Ca currents
  • decrease slope of phase 4
  • can mask signs of hypoglycemia
  • exacerbation of COPD
33
Q

-stigmine

A
  • AChE inhibitor
  • Autonomic
  • Neostigmine
  • myestenia graves and reversal of NMJ blockade
  • no CNS
34
Q

-terol

A
  • B2-agonist
  • Autonomic
  • Albuterol
35
Q

-zosin

A
  • a1-antagonist
  • Autonomic
  • Prazosin
  • orthostatic hypotensions and BPH treatment
36
Q

-afil

A
  • PDE-5 inhibitor
  • CV
  • Sidenafil
  • increases levels of GMP which aids in vessel dilation
37
Q

-dipine

A
  • Dihydropyridine Calcium channel blocker to decrease contractility
  • acts on vascular smooth muscle
  • CV
  • Amlodipine
  • used for hypertension and angina
  • may cause gingival hyperplasia, edema, flushing
38
Q

-pril

A
  • ACE inhibitor
  • Renal
  • Captopril
  • decrease angiotensin II
  • vasodilation, efferent arteriole dilation, decreased aldosterone, decreased ADH, decreased thirst stimulation, decreased Na+/H+ transporter activity
  • increased levels of renin
  • also prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilation)
  • used to prevent unfavorable heart remodling with HTN
  • cough, angioedema, increased creatine, hyperkalemia, hypotension (avoid in renal artery stenosis)
39
Q

-sartan

A
  • Angiotensin-II receptor blocker
  • CV
  • Losartan
  • similiar effects to ACE, but no bradykinin increase
40
Q

-statin

A
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
  • CV
  • Atorvastatin
  • primary effect on LDL
  • decreased mortality in CAD
  • increased hepatotoxicity when used with fibrates
41
Q

-dronate

A
  • Bisphosphonate
  • bind hydroxyapatite inhibiting osteoclast activity
  • side effect is corrosive esophagitis, take with water and remain upright for 30 minutes
  • Alendronate
42
Q

-glitazone

A
  • activates PPAR-y nuclear receptor
  • increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
  • side effects include weight gain and bone resorption
  • Rosiglitazon
43
Q

-prazole

A
  • Proton pump inhibitor
  • irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells
  • Omeprazole
44
Q

-prost

A
  • Prostaglandin analog
  • Latanoprost: PGF2 increased outflow of aqueous humor
  • Misoprostol: PGE1 increased secretion of gastric mucous barrier
45
Q

-tidine

A
  • H2-antagonist
  • irreversible blockers of histamine H2 receptors
  • potent cytochrome P450 inhibitor, antiandrogen effects, CNS effects
  • Cimetidine
  • “dine at the table”: used to reduce acid in stomach
46
Q

-tropin

A
  • Growth Hormone (GH)
  • stimulates liver to release IGF-1 which causes increased peripheral glucose absorption which causes growth
  • Somatotropin
47
Q

-ximab

A
  • Chimeric monoclonal Ab

* Basiliximab

48
Q

-zumab

A
  • Humanizied monoclonal antibody

* Daclizumab

49
Q

Cef-

A
  • cephalosporin
  • B lactam that inhibits cells wall synthesis but are less suspectiable to penicillinase
  • Ceftriaxone
50
Q

-enem

A
  • B lactamase resistant carbipentem
  • Meropenem
  • always administered with clistatin to prevent deactivation of drug in renal tubules
51
Q

-gliptin

A
  • DPP4 inhibitor
  • increases insulin, decreases glucagon
  • used in type 2DM
52
Q

Gli-

Gly-

A
  • Sulfonylureas
  • close K+ channel in B islet cell membrane which causes cell to depolarize and Calcium influx which leads so insulin release
  • requires some islet function
53
Q

Metformin

A
  • acts on muscle
  • decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increase peripheral glucose uptake
  • can be used in patients without islet function
  • contraindicated in renal insufficiency
54
Q
  • isone

- asone

A
  • corticosteroid
  • inhibition of Phospholipase A2 and NF-kB
  • Hydrocortisone
  • toxicity is cushing syndrome
55
Q

Somatostatin

A

*blocks histamine release in stomach (decrease gastric acid), blocks GH release in A.pituitary, splanchnic vasodilation, inhibits insulin secretion

56
Q

a1 agonist

A
  • rine
  • treats hypotension
  • rhinitis, “tightens everything up”
  • Phenylephrine (all have B properties as well except for Phen)
57
Q

a2 agonist

A
  • treats hypertension, can be used in renal disease
  • clonadine, methyldopa
  • can cause rebound hypertension (clonadine) and Combs+ anemia (methyldopa)
58
Q

anticholinergics

A
  • Benztropine: parkinson’s
  • Oxybutinin: bladder spasms
  • Atropine: mydriasis and cycloplegia
  • Scopolamine: motion sickness
  • Ipratropium: dilate airways
59
Q

B1 agonist

A
  • Dobutamine: heart failure

- Isoproterenol: brady-arrythmeias and tosrades

60
Q

B2 agonist

A
  • Terbutaline: short asthma
  • Albuterol: short asthma
  • Salmeterol: long asthma and COPD
61
Q

cholinergic agonists

A
  • Bethancol: bladder and gut contractions
  • Methacoline: asthma challenge test
  • Carbachol: glaucoma
  • Pilocarbine: open angle glaucoma

Step 1 Basic Science (10 decks)

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