Drugs

Question 1

Ethambutol

Answer 1

• decreased carbohydrate polymerization by blocking arabinosyltransferase
• red/green color blindness
• TB drug

Question 2

Isoniazid

Answer 2

• decrease synthesis of mycolic acids
• activated by catalase peroxidase
• TB drug
• neuro and hepatic toxicity

Question 3

Rifampin

Answer 3

• p450 inducer
• blocks RNA polymerization
• TB drug, also leprosy, hemoapholus influzena B, and meningitis
• can turn pee red brown

Question 4

1st Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 4

• Cefzolin, Ceflexin
• Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella, Gram (+) cocci
• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 5

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 5

• Cefoxitin, Cefacor, Cefuroxamine
• (1st gen) Nisseria, Haemophillus Inf, Serratia, Enterobacter
• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 6

3rd Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 6

• Ceftaxamine, Ceftraxone, Ceftazidime
• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis
• (1st & 2nd gen) Gram(-) bacteria resistant to B lactamase

Question 7

4th Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 7

• Cefepime

- (gen 1,2,3) Gram (+) bacteria, pseudomonas

Question 8

5th Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 8

• Ceftobiprole, Ceftaroline
• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis
• (gen 1,2,3,4) drug resistant bacteria, broad spectrum gram (+) and (-)

Question 9

Aminoglycosides

Answer 9

• inhibit initiation complex of 30s ribosomal subunit
• used for gram (-) rods
• synergistic with B-lactam
• needs oxygen to enter cells
• teratogenic, kidney toxicity (with cephalosporins), ototoxicity (with loop diuretics)
• gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, neomycin

Question 10

Aminopenicillin

Answer 10

• ampicillin, amoxicillin
• sensitive to B lactimase, combine with calvanuric acid
• hypersensitivity reactions, rash, pseudomembranous cholitis
• broad spectrum, proteus mirabilis, listeria, haemophillus inf, enterococci, E.coli, shigella, salmonella

Question 11

Anti-pseudomonals

Answer 11

• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis
• Ticarcillin, Pipercillin, Carbenicillin
• pseudmonas, gram (-) rods
• hyperseinsitvity reactions
• B lactamase sensitive, use calvulonic acid

Question 12

Aztreonam

Answer 12

• monobactam
• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis but has increased affinity for penicillin binding protein and is resistant to B lactimase
• use with gram (-)
• does not cause penicillin allergies
• synergistic with aminoglycosides

Question 13

Cephalosporin (general)

Answer 13

• B lactam, inhibits cell wall synthesis
• bacteriacidal
• cause nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, Vit K deficiency, hypersinsitivity reactions