Pharmacology

Question 1

main routes for drug administration in the skin

Answer 1

topical
transdermal
subcutaneous
other epithelial routes

Question 2

different types of vehicles

Answer 2

lotions
creams
ointments
gels
foams
pastes
powders
they range in their water content

Question 3

types of topical therapies

Answer 3

emollients
topical steroids
anti-infectives
antipruritic
keratolytic

Question 4

what type of conditions are emollients used in?

Answer 4

dry and scaly conditions

Question 5

how to apply emollients?

Answer 5

300-500g/week after bathing in the direction of hair growth

Question 6

role of topical steroids

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

anti-inflammation

Question 7

administration of topical steroids

Answer 7

20-30g

Question 8

adverse of topical steroids

Answer 8

thinning of skin
purpura
rosacea
telangiectasia
Cushing's (systemic absorption)
tachyphylaxis

Question 9

three types of anti-infectives

Answer 9

antiseptic
antivirals
antifungals

Question 10

factors that increase partitioning into the skin?

Answer 10

hydration by occlusion

inclusion of excipients

Question 11

what are excipients?

Answer 11

increase solubility of hydrophobic drugs

Question 12

describe the subcutaneous route of drug administration

Answer 12

needle into adipose tissue and enters the systemic circulation via capillaries or lymphatic vessels

Question 13

benefit of subcutaneous route

Answer 13

slow absorption

Question 14

adverse of subcutaneous route

Answer 14

limited volume injected

Question 15

describe the transdermal route of drug delivery

Answer 15

drug is incorporated into an adhesive patch and enhancers increase permeability

Question 16

why is the skin a good route for drug administration?

Answer 16

non-sterile
steady-state plasma concentration
avoids first pass metabolism
drug absorption can be terminated rapidly