Pharmacology

Question 1

Give 5 types of Anti-Emetic Drugs?

Answer 1

Antihistamines
Antimuscarinics
5-HT3 receptor antagonists
Dopamine receptor antagonists
Neurokini-1 receptor antagonists

Question 2

what receptor do antihistamines work on?

and what effect do they have?

Answer 2

H1 receptor
they antagonise it
they are indicated for motion sickness

Question 3

give an example of an Antihistamine?

Answer 3

Cyclizine

Question 4

Give an example of an Antimuscarinic?

Answer 4

Scopolaimine

Question 5

give an example of 5-HT receptor antagonist

Answer 5

Ondansetron

Question 6

what is the main side effect for Antihistamine?

Answer 6

Sedation (act on H1 receptors on the brain)

Question 7

when are antihistamines or antimuscarinics indicated?

Answer 7

motion sickness

Question 8

what are the main side effects of antimuscarinics?

Answer 8

dry mouth, tachycardia and constipation

Question 9

what part of the brain causes vomiting?

Answer 9

emetic centre in the brain stem

Question 10

give an example of a dopamine receptor antagonist

Answer 10

Chlorpromazine

Question 11

give an example of a Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist

Answer 11

Foraprepitant

Question 12

what type of drugs are antidiarrhoeal drugs?

Answer 12

opiates

Question 13

give a Dopamine receptor antagonists example

Answer 13

chloropromazine

Question 14

what receptors do dopamine receptor antagonists act on?

Answer 14

D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla

Question 15

what is the difference between Domperidone and other Dopamine receptor antagonists?

Answer 15

domperidone does not cross the blood brain barrier and so only has peripheral effects

Question 16

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists example?

Answer 16

Foraprepitant

Question 17

what receptor do Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists act on?

and what do they block?

Answer 17

NK receptors in the Gut and Chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla
and they block substance P

Question 18

what type of drugs are antidiarrhoeal drugs?

Answer 18

opiates

Question 19

what drug is indicated for motion sickness?

Answer 19

cyclizine

it is an antihistamine

Question 20

give an example of an Antimuscarinic

Answer 20

Scopolaimine

Question 21

give an example of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Answer 21

Ondansetron

Question 22

what is the main effect of antihistamines?

Answer 22

sedation

Question 23

what are PPIs?

Answer 23

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Question 24

give an example of a PPI?

Answer 24

Lansoprazole, omeprazole

Question 25

what are PPIs used for?

Answer 25

benign gastric acid ulceration, NSAID associated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 26

what is Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

Answer 26

condition where the body produces excess gastric acid

Question 27

what is the negative effect of PPI’s?

Answer 27

increase stomach pH, so reduce defences against infection

Question 28

Action of Histamine H2 receptor antagonists example?

Answer 28

Ranitidine, Cimetidine

Question 29

what does Histamine H2 receptor antagonists do?

Answer 29

block H2 receptors and eventually reduces HCl secretion

Question 30

what causes Peptic Ulcer?

Answer 30

H.pylori infection, causing destruction of mucous layer protection, as HCO3 decreases due to destruction of mucous cells, pH decreases, so there is an increase in Gastric acid causing ulceration

Question 31

Treatment for Peptic Ulcers

Answer 31

PPI- stop secretion of gastric acid

Antibiotics (clarythryomycin and amoxicillin/ metronidazole)