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biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 things do mucus cells secrete?

A

mucus and bicarbonate (HCO3)

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2
Q

what do Parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

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3
Q

what do G cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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4
Q

what do D cells secrete?

A

somatostatin

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5
Q

what cells secrete Histamine?

A

enterochromaffin-like cells

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6
Q

what do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

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7
Q

what is a purpose of mucus and bicarbonate secretion from mucus cells?

A

forms a protective layer from the stomach acid

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8
Q

what stimulates Histamine secretion?

A

ACh

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9
Q

what does Histamine bind to and what does it cause?

A

binds to H2 receptors and causes activation of adenylyl cyclase

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10
Q

what does the activation of adenylyl cyclase do?

A

increase cAMP, which causing an increase in proton pumps

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11
Q

what does an increase of proton pumps do?

A

increases Gastric acid secretion from Parietal Cells

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12
Q

what does the Gastrin released from G cells do?

A

binds to CCK2 receptors on parietal cells, which activates PLC, which increases intracellular Ca2+, which then increases number of proton pumps, which increases gastric acid secretion from parietal cells

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13
Q

what does somatostatin released from D cells in the Gastric Gland do?

A

it binds to SST2R receptors inhibiting adenylyl cyclase, down regulating cAMP, decrease gastric acid secretion
also binds to SST2R receptors on enterochromaffin cells, reduced histamine release and decreased gastric acid secretion

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14
Q

what do Antiacids do?

A

reduce symptoms of excessive gastric acid secretion by buffer HCl using NaHCO3

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15
Q

what effect do NSAIDs have on action of prostaglandins?

A

they disrupt action of prostaglandins

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16
Q

action mechanism of NSAIDs

A

inhibit COX-1, so reduce availability of prostaglandins, decrease in histamine secretion, decreased HCl secretion

17
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors example?

A

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole

18
Q

action of PPIs?

A

irreversibly inhibit H/K ATPase pump, reduced HCl secretion

19
Q

when are PPIs used?

A

benign gastric ulceration

NSAID gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

20
Q

side effects of PPIs

A

increased stomach pH, so reduced defence against infection

21
Q

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists examples

A

ranitidine, cimetidine

22
Q

what do Histamine H2 receptor antagonists do?

A

eventually reduce HCl secretion (can be rapid depending on dose used)

GI (11 decks)

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