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DRC > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the nature, preparation, administration, and effects of drugs

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2
Q

Prescription

A

A written order from a licensed medical doctor or dentist to a pharmacist

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3
Q

Chemical name

A

Is the main ingredient of the medication.

Eg the chemical name for ibuprofen is 2-(4-isobutylphnyl) propanoic acid

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4
Q

Generic name

A

Usually the shortened for of the chemical name

Eg ibuprofen

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5
Q

Brand name

A

Controlled by business firms and have registered trademarks

Eg. Benadryl

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6
Q

The superscription

A

Includes the symbol Rx - Latin abbreviation for the word recipe. It means “take thou”.

Is an order for the pharmacist to dispense the drug(s) listed to the client.

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7
Q

Inscription

A

The body of the prescription, which includes the name of the drug and the strength.

Eg. The drug is Fiorinal and the strength is 325 mg.

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8
Q

Subscription

A

Contains the volume and the amount of the drug to be dispensed.
It will often include the word “dispense” followed by a number or a total volume.

Eg. 24 capsules

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9
Q

Signature

A

Comes from the Latin word signa, meaning “mark a label”

It includes specific instructions on how the preparation is to be used by the client.

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10
Q

Refill information

A

Must be noted by the prescribing dentist to indicate the number of refills permitted.

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11
Q

aa

Ana

A

Of each

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12
Q

a.c.

Ante cibum

A

Before meals

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13
Q

AD

Auris dextra

A

Right ear

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14
Q

AS

Auris sinistra

A

Left ear

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15
Q

b.i.d.

Bis in die

A

Twice daily

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16
Q

c

Cum

A

With

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17
Q

caps

A

Capsule

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18
Q

disp

A

Dispense

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19
Q

dtd

A

Give this number

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20
Q

et

A

And

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21
Q

ext

A

External use

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22
Q

gtt

Gutta

A

Drop

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23
Q

hs

Hora somni

A

Hour of sleep (bedtime)

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24
Q

M ft

A

Make

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25
Q

mitt#

A

Give this number

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26
Q

mL

A

Milliliter

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27
Q

OD

Oculus dexter

A

Right eye, or overdose

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28
Q

OS

Oculus sinister

A

Left eye

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29
Q

p.c.

Post cibum

A

After meals

30
Q

p.o.

Per os

A

By mouth

31
Q

p.r.n.

Pro re nata

A

As needed

32
Q

q

Quaque

A

Every

33
Q

q.d.

Quaque die

A

Once a day

34
Q

q.i.d.

Quarter in die

A

Four times daily

35
Q

Sig.

Signa

A

Label as follows

36
Q

sl

A

Sublingual (under the tongue)

37
Q

SOB

A

Shortness of breath

38
Q

stat

Statim

A

At once, first dose

39
Q

q.2h

A

Every two hours

40
Q

Rx

Recipere

A

Take thou

41
Q

t.i.d.

Ter in die

A

Three times daily

42
Q

Analgesics

A

An (without) algesia (pain)

Drugs used to relieve pain. May be narcotics or non-narcotics. Can be habit-forming.

Eg. Tylenol, Aspirin, Morphine, Codeine.

43
Q

Anesthetics

A

An (without) asthesia (feeling)

Agents that reduce or eliminate sensation. Affects a particular region of the body and is the most common type of pain control used in dentistry.

Eg. Xylocaine, Novocaine.

44
Q

Antibiotics

A

Anti (against) bio (life)

Chemical substances produced by a microorganism that inhabit or stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, or parasites.

45
Q

Antihistamines

A

Drugs that block the action of a histamine, which is released during an allergic reaction.

Eg. Benadryl

46
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Narrow blood vessels to raise blood pressure and are commonly used in cardiac or realities failure.

Eg. Epinephrine

47
Q

Vasodilators

A

Open or dilate blood vessels to reduce blood pressure and slow the heartbeat.

Eg. Nitroglycerin

48
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Drugs that prevent the clotting of blood or break up clots in blood vessels.

Eg. Coumadin (sodium warfarin)

49
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Prevent or reduce the severity of convulsions in various types of epilepsy.

Eg. Dilantin (phenytoin)

50
Q

Sedatives

A

Drugs that calm nervousness and anxiety by depressing the central nervous system. These include hypnotic that induce sleep.

Eg. Xanax, Valium

51
Q

Stimulants

A

Act on the brain to speed up vital processes in cases of shock or collapse.

Caffeine is contained in many drugs that construct the cerebral blood vessels

Eg. Ritalin

52
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Useful in controlling anxiety by calming certain areas of the brain, while permitting the rest of the brain to function normally.

Eg. Phenothiazine

53
Q

Oral

A

By mouth (p.o.)

In the form of pill, tablet, capsule or liquid.

Most common and safest method, however, it produces a slower response time than other methods.

54
Q

Sublingual

A

Under the tongue

55
Q

Inhalant

A

Breathing in a gaseous substance.

One of the fastest routes of absorption.

56
Q

Rectal

A

Inserted into the rectum in suppository form.

This route is used when slow absorption of the drug through the colon walls is required.

Sometimes used on unconscious or mentally ill patients.

57
Q

Topical

A

Applied to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

More slowly absorbed than other routes

58
Q

Parenteral

A

By injection.

An injection under the skin is called Subcutaneous.

Injection into a muscle is an intramuscular (IM)

Injection into a vein is intravenous (IV) - the most rapid route of all methods

Parenteral produces rapid and predictable results and is used in emergencies, but is expensive, and requires skill to administer

59
Q

Transdermal

A

Through the skin.

Patches allow controlled, continuous release of medication.

Convenient and easy to use.

Skin irritation may occur and site of application may need to be changes from time to time.

60
Q

Additive action

A

The combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

61
Q

Cumulative action

A

After administration of certain drugs, concentrations of them or their toxic effect may increase with each dose.
Some drugs are not quickly
Eliminated from the body.

62
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

This is an unexpected or peculiar reaction that may appear in the client following administration of a drug.

63
Q

Synergism.

A

When two drugs are combined, the effect is greater than if they were given alone.

64
Q

Tolerance

A

A client withstands that normal dose and the effects diminish as treatment goes on.
Larger doses must be given to maintain the desired effect.

65
Q

Antagonism

A

Drugs that are combined to have an undesirable effect

66
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

The body will produce antibodies for protection.

67
Q

Intolerance

A

This is a reaction greater than expected from a normal or small dose.

68
Q

Side effect

A

An unavoidable effect may result from taking an average dose of a drug

69
Q

Addiction

A

Excessive and continued use of habit-forming drugs.

A person who physically depends on a drug builds a tolerance to it and requires larger doses.

70
Q

Habituation

A

A a psychological desire to keep using a drug

71
Q

Drug abuse

A

Abuse can involve misuse of prescription or illegal drugs

72
Q

Premedication

A

Medicine given in advance of treatment.

It may be administered to relieve anxiety of an apprehensive client.

DRC (7 decks)

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