Dental science Flashcards
Uní / mono
One
Bi / para
Two
Tri
Three
Quad
Four
Quint
Five
Sext
Six
Sept
Seven
Octa
Eight
Nona
Ninth
Deca
Ten
Erythr/o
Red
Erythrocyte is a red blood cell
Melan/o
Black
Cyan/o
Blue
Cyanosis is when lips turn blue due to lack of oxygen
Xanth/o
Yellow
Xanthodont is someone who has yellow teeth
Leuk/o
White
Leukocyte is a white blood cell
Chlor/o
Green
Preventative dentistry
(General)
Helps you maintain good oral health by stopping disease before it takes hold in your mouth
- cleanings, xrays, nightguard
Restorative dentistry
(General)
When a problem is found, your dentist will ensure you get timely and appropriate treatment.
Cosmetic dentistry
(General)
Bleaching, cosmetic bonding (veneers)
Endodontics
(Inside the tooth)
Concerned with the diseases and injuries of the Dental pulp and periapical tissues, and with prevention and diagnosis and treatment of injuries in these tissues
Implantology
Focuses on the clinical placement of implants
Oral surgery
Concerned with oral and maxillofacial surgery, including extractions, implants and reconstructive surgery
Orthodontics
The specialty of dentistry concerned with the correction and prevention teeth order and alignment and / or jaws
- straightens them
- corrects them
Pedodontics
The branch of dentistry concerned with the dental care and treatment of children.
Periodontics
The study of the normal tissues and the treatment of abnormal conditions of the teeth tissues.
Prosthodontics
The science and art of providing suitable substitutions for the coronal portions of teeth, or for one or more lost or missing teeth and their associated parts, in order that impaired function, appearance, comfort and health of the client may be restored.
Geriodontics
Delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases.
Frontal bone
One of the major cranial bones that forms the forehead and front top of the head; roughly covers the frontal lobes of the brain.
Maxilla
The two maxillae form the center of the face with many attaching muscles; carry the upper teeth; form part of the eye orbit; act like a keystone into which the other facial bones fit.
Mandible / mandibular
The lower jaw bone is the only skull bone that moves; I.e. during mastication, speech, and expression; carries the lower teeth
Parietal bone
A major cranial bone that forms part of the top, back, and side of the head and roughly covers the parietal lobe of the brain.
Temporal bone
A cranial bone on the side of the head that roughly covers the temporal lobe of the brain; it extends down behind the ear towards the jaw.
Zygomatic bone / zygoma
The principal cheek bones
Orbital
The cavity of bone or socket of the skull in which the eye and it’s properties are situated.
Nasal
Two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals.
Sphenoid
This bone helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the orbits (eye sockets)
Occipital
The bone that forms the back and base of the skull, and through which the spinal cord passes.
Abrasion
Mechanical wearing away of teeth by abnormal stressors, which is sometimes caused by improper brushing habits.
Abutment
The Anchorage tooth for a bride. The supporting end of a bridge is the abutment.
Accessional
Permanent teeth that do not replace deciduous teeth, but rather become and accession (addition) to the deciduous teeth.
Accessory root canals
Extra openings into the pulp usually located on the sides of the roots.
Acquired
Pertaining to something obtained by oneself
Acrylic restoration
Tooth repair using a synthetic plastic, acrylic, resin, or composite usually used to fill the anterior teeth.
Ala
Latin for wing.
Referring to the sides of the nostrils of the nose.
Plural is alae
Alveolar process
Part of the bone in the maxillae and mandible that forms the sockets for the teeth.
Alveolectomy
The surgical removal of part of the alveolar process.
Amalgam
The material replacing the lost part of the tooth or the diseased portion of the tooth.
A mix of silver and tin with mercury and some copper and zinc.
Anomaly
Any noticeable difference of deviation from that which is ordinary or normal
Anterior pillar
Fold of tissue extending down in front of the tonsil.
Anterior teeth
Situated in front; referring to the upper and lower teeth located in the front area of the mouth.
Antrum lavage apex
Washing out of the sinus cavity by entering through the nose or mouth.
Apex
End point, or furthest tip, as of the tooth root. The root and of any tooth.
Apical curettage
The surgical cleaning and scraping of diseased tissue surrounding the end of the root.
Apical refers to the apex.
Curettage means to clean.
Apical foramen
Opening at or near the apex of a tooth root through which the blood and nerve supply of the pulp enters the tooth.
Apicoectomy
Removal of the apex of a tooth root.
Appliance
A device used to provide function or therapeutic effect to control oral habits.
E.g. a night guard used to control grinding.
Articulator
A mechanical device that simulates the relationship and movement of the jaw.
Articulate means come together.
Atrophy
Wasting away of a tissue, organ or part from disease, defective nutrition, or lack of use.
Attached gingiva
Tightly adherent gingiva that extends from free gingiva to alveolar mucosa.
Avulsed
Torn away. Extraction by force.
Also referred to as evulsed
Bacterial
Presence of living cells that cause disease.
Plaque is a bacterial substance
Bicuspids
Premolars
Two teeth next to the cuspids.
Bifurcation
Division into two parts or branches, as any two roots of a tooth.
Biopsy
Removal of a tissue specimen or other material from the living body for microscopic examination, to aid in establishing a diagnosis
Bitewing.
A cavity detecting radiograph showing interproximal surfaces between the teeth.
Bleaching
The use of a chemical oxidizing agent to lighten tooth discoloration
Bonding
The force by which a substance is secured in intimate contact with another substance.
May be mechanical, chemical, or physical
Bruxism
The unnatural grinding of teeth
Buccal
Pertaining to or adjacent to the cheek. The outer surface of the posterior teeth is the buccal surface.
Calcification
Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium salts within its substance.
The term connotes the deposition of any mineral salts that contribute to the hardening and maturation of hard tissue
Calculus
Mineralized plaque on the surface of the teeth.
Also called tartar.
Canal
The portion of the root that contains the pulp tissue and it’s surrounding dentin
Caries
Dental decay.
Cariogenic
A substance that will cause caries or dental decay.
E.g. sugar is a cariogenic substance
Carious
The adjectival form of caries.
Cast metal post and core
A custom cast metal form inserted and cemented in the canal or root of the tooth.
Designed to support an artificial crown when there is insufficient tooth structure to support it.
Cast space maintainer
A mechanical prosthetic device to prevent the drifting of teeth where premature loss of a tooth (or teeth) has occurred.
Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
Junction of enamel of the crown and cementum of the root. This junction forms a cervical line around the tooth.
Cementum
A specialized calcified connective tissue that covers the anatomic root of a tooth.
Centric (central) occlusion
Relationship of the occlusal surfaces of one arch to those of the other when the jaws are closed and the teeth are in maximum intercuspation.
Cephalometric film
An extra-oral radiograph of the head to assist in the evaluation of the client’s facial growth and development.
Cephalo - head
Cervical
The portions of a tooth near the junction of the crown and root. Pertaining to the neck region.
Cervical third
That portion of the crown or root of a tooth at or near the cervical line.
Class I occlusion
Normal relationship between maxillary and mandibular molars
Class II occlusion
When mandibular molars are posterior to their normal position
(Overbite)
Class III occlusion
When mandibular molars are anterior to their normal position.
(Underbite)
Clinical crown
The part of the tooth protruding from the gingiva
Complete dentures
A dental prosthesis that replaces all of the natural dentition in the same arch.
Complete series
A series of periapical radiographs showing all individual radiographs. Areas of the mouth including the teeth roots and gums; also known as full mouth series (FMS or FMX)
Composite restorations
Tooth repair using improved synthetic resins that remain colorfast and are stronger than other synthetic materials.
Cross-bite
Condition in which the cusps of a tooth in one arch exceed the cusps of a tooth in the opposing arch, by buccally or lingually.
Crown
That portion of a human tooth covered by enamel. Also, an artificial restoration that becomes the entire surface of the tooth above the gum line and fits over a prepared tooth
Curettage
Scraping or cleaning with a curet. This is also known as scaling.
Curette
A hand instrument with a curved, sharpened blade that is used in a scraping motion.
Cuspids
One of the four pointed teeth in humans, situated one on each side of the jaw.
Also known as canines
Deciduous teeth
Teeth that break through the gums and are shed and replaced by permanent teeth.
Also known as primary teeth.
Deglutition
Act of swallowing.
Dental arch
That part of the upper and lower jaw that contains side and hard tissue supporting the natural teeth or a fabrication appliance
Dental pulp
Occupies a hollow space called the pulp chamber and root canal inside the center of the tooth.
Dentin
The portion of the tooth that lies subjacent to the enamel and cementum.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Hereditary imperfection of dentin formation
Dentition
All of the teeth in the dental arches.
Diagnostic casts
A negative likeness of dental structures for the purpose of study and treatment planning.
Diastema
Any spacing between teeth in the same arch.
Distal
The tooth surface that is farthest away from the midline of the dental arch
Edentulous
Without teeth.
Enamel
A hard, glistening white substance that covers the crown of the tooth. The hardest substance in the human body
Epiglottis
Cartilage that covers the laryngeal opening
Eruption
Movement of the tooth as it emerges through surrounding tissue so that the clinical crown gradually appears longer
Exfoliation
Shedding or loss of a primary tooth
Extra-oral film
A picture taken outside the mouth that examines all the external structures of the oral cavity.
Fissure
Deep cleft, developmental line fault usually found in the occlusal or buccal surface of a tooth
Fluoride
A treatment to reduce caries activity
Fluorosis
Discolored enamel resulting from excessive fluoride intake while crown is developing.
Fractures
A break in continuity of bone. In the oral region it is most frequently seen in teeth and related structures
Frenectomy
Excision of the fold of tissue that connects the cheeks and lips to the upper and lower dental arch and limits their movement.
Frenum
A fold of mucus membrane attaching the cheeks and lips to the upper and lower jaw.
The phrase “tongue tied” can mean that the frenum is too short, resulting in restricted movement of the tongue.
Gingiva
The fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that immediately surrounds the teeth.
Aka gums
Gingival sulcus
Space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface.
Gingivectomy
If the gum tissue becomes separated from the tooth wall, it is sometimes necessary to surgically remove the diseased and infected portion, creating a new gum line.
Gingivitis
Any inflammation of the gingival tissue
Gingivoplasty
Surgical shaping of the gum tissue in order to support the teeth so that they can perform their normal function
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.
Glosso- tongue
Hematoma
Escape of blood from an injured blood vessel into tissue spaces.
