Pharmacology Flashcards by Eve Moreland

What is the 1st line antibiotic to treat MRSA?

Vancomycin

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What antibiotic covers almost every gram-negative bacteria?

Gentamycin

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Give an example of an ACE inhibitor drug (for combating hypertension)?

Ramipril

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Give an example of a calcium channel blocker drug (for combating hypertension)?

Amlodipine

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Give an example of a thiazide-like diuretic (for combating hypertension)?

Indapamide

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Give an example of a beta-blocker (for combating hypertension)?

Atenolol

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Give an example of a potassium sparing diuretic (for combating hypertension)?

Spironolactone

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How would you treat stable angina?

Beta blocker (Atenolol)
Calcium antagonists (Amlodipine)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (before exertion)
Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN spray) before exertion

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How would you treat unstable angina?

Beta blocker (Atenolol)
Calcium antagonists (Amlodipine)
IV Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

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How do you treat chronic heart failure (DAB)?

Loop diuretic (Furosemide)
ACE inhibitor (Ramipril)
Beta blocker (Atenolol)
Aldosterone receptor antagonist (Spironolactone)

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What drug treats atrial fibrillation?

Digoxin

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What are the 3 1st line treatments for acute heart failure?

IV loop diuretic
IV opiates/opioids
IV, buccal or sublingual nitrates

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What are the 3 2nd line treatments for acute heart failure?

Beta-agonists (dobutamine)
Dopamine
3 Adrenaline

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Give an example of an antidysrhythmic drug?

Lignocaine

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What is a class 3 antidysrhythmic (potassium channel block) drug?

Amiodarone (treats Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and ventricular tachyarrhythmias)

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What drug is used to stop supraventricular tachycardia?

Adenosine

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What antibiotics can you give for sepsis?

Penicillin G

- Cephalosporin

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What antibiotic is used for UTI’s?

Co-trimoxazole

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What antibiotics can be used as an alternative for penicillin resistant patients?

Erythromycin

- Clarithromycin

What 1st line drugs can be used to treat tuberulosis?

Rifampicin

- Ethambutol

What types of drugs can be given in asthma?

Salbutamol (SABA)

- Salmeterol (LABA)

What is the immediate treatment in acute severe asthma?

Oxygen
Salbutamol + Ipratropium via nebuliser
IV Hyrdocortisone/prednisolone tables

What types of drugs can be given in COPD?

Ipratropium (SAMA)

- Tiotropium (LAMA)

Give an example of an antidiarrhoeal?

Loperamide

Give an example of an antispasmodic drug?

Hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan)

Give examples of some antiemetics?

- Promethazine (antihistamine) - Hyoscine hydrobromide (antimuscarinic) - Phenothiazines (dopamine antagonists) - Dexamethasone (steroids) - Haloperidol (neuroleptics)

Give an example of a bulk-forming laxative?

Ispaghula husk

Give an example of a stimulant laxative?

Bisacodyl

Give an example of an osmotic laxative?

Lactulose

What are the 4 approaches for treatment of acute diarrhoea?

1. Maintain fluid and electrolyte (oral rehydration preparation) 2. Antimotility drug (codeine) 3. Antispasmodics (hyoscine butylbromide) 4. Antibacterial agent occasionally

What is the initial treatment for a peptic ulcer (killing H. pylori)?

Ampicillin + Clarithromycin/Metronidazole

What are the drugs to treat peptic ulcers?

- Cimetidine (histamine blockade drug) | - Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor)

Give an example of a | diuretic (to combat pulmonary oedema due to LVF, chronic heart failure)?

Furosemide

What drug to give for herpes simplex virus?

Aciclovir

Give 3 examples of antidepressant drugs?

1. Sertraline (SSRI) 2. Amitriptyline (tricyclic) 3. Citalopram (SSRI)

What is the management for acute stroke?

- Aspirin - Thrombolytic treatment - Endovascular treatment/ Thrombectomy - If BP still elevated then labetolol

What is the treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage?

- Intubate - 3L of 0.9% NaCl per 24hrs - IV labetolol (MAP >130mmHg) - Codeine - Phenytoin (seizures)

What is the secondary prevention for stroke?

- Clopidogrel (antithrombotic) - Calcium channel blocker (Amlodipine), thiazide diuretic (Indapamide), ACE inhibitor (Ramipril) - Simvastatin - Carotid endarterectomy

What to give for a suspected meningococcal infection?

- IV/IM penicillin | - IV ceftriaxone

Drug for Parkinsons?

Levodopa

2 drugs for Dementia?

1. Donepezil (mild-mod) | 2. Memantine (mod-sev)

What are the 3 treatment options for hyperthyroidism?

1. Radioactive iodine (I131) 2. Anti-thyroid (calcium supplements) 3. Propranolol

What are the 2 drugs for hypothyroidism?

1. Levothyroxine (T4 replacement therapy) | 2. Liothyronine

What are diabetic drugs?

- Insulin Lispro (rapid acting) | - Metformin

Give an example of an adrenal corticosteroid?

Fludrocortisone

Give an example of glucocorticoid drugs?

1. Hydrocortisone (replacement therapy) 2. Prednisolone (anti-inflammatory & immunosuppression) 3. Dexamethasone (oedema, anti-inflammatory, suppress ACTH production)