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MD4003 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 1st line antibiotic to treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

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2
Q

What antibiotic covers almost every gram-negative bacteria?

A

Gentamycin

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3
Q

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor drug (for combating hypertension)?

A

Ramipril

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4
Q

Give an example of a calcium channel blocker drug (for combating hypertension)?

A

Amlodipine

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5
Q

Give an example of a thiazide-like diuretic (for combating hypertension)?

A

Indapamide

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6
Q

Give an example of a beta-blocker (for combating hypertension)?

A

Atenolol

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7
Q

Give an example of a potassium sparing diuretic (for combating hypertension)?

A

Spironolactone

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8
Q

How would you treat stable angina?

A
  • Beta blocker (Atenolol)
  • Calcium antagonists (Amlodipine)
  • Isosorbide Mononitrate (before exertion)
  • Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN spray) before exertion
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9
Q

How would you treat unstable angina?

A
  • Beta blocker (Atenolol)
  • Calcium antagonists (Amlodipine)
  • IV Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
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10
Q

How do you treat chronic heart failure (DAB)?

A
  • Loop diuretic (Furosemide)
  • ACE inhibitor (Ramipril)
  • Beta blocker (Atenolol)
  • Aldosterone receptor antagonist (Spironolactone)
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11
Q

What drug treats atrial fibrillation?

A

Digoxin

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12
Q

What are the 3 1st line treatments for acute heart failure?

A
  1. IV loop diuretic
  2. IV opiates/opioids
  3. IV, buccal or sublingual nitrates
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13
Q

What are the 3 2nd line treatments for acute heart failure?

A
  1. Beta-agonists (dobutamine)
  2. Dopamine
    3 Adrenaline
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14
Q

Give an example of an antidysrhythmic drug?

A

Lignocaine

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15
Q

What is a class 3 antidysrhythmic (potassium channel block) drug?

A

Amiodarone (treats Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and ventricular tachyarrhythmias)

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16
Q

What drug is used to stop supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Adenosine

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17
Q

What antibiotics can you give for sepsis?

A
  • Penicillin G

- Cephalosporin

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18
Q

What antibiotic is used for UTI’s?

A

Co-trimoxazole

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19
Q

What antibiotics can be used as an alternative for penicillin resistant patients?

A
  • Erythromycin

- Clarithromycin

20
Q

What 1st line drugs can be used to treat tuberulosis?

A
  • Rifampicin

- Ethambutol

21
Q

What types of drugs can be given in asthma?

A
  • Salbutamol (SABA)

- Salmeterol (LABA)

22
Q

What is the immediate treatment in acute severe asthma?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Salbutamol + Ipratropium via nebuliser
  • IV Hyrdocortisone/prednisolone tables
23
Q

What types of drugs can be given in COPD?

A
  • Ipratropium (SAMA)

- Tiotropium (LAMA)

24
Q

Give an example of an antidiarrhoeal?

A

Loperamide

25
Q

Give an example of an antispasmodic drug?

A

Hyoscine butylbromide (buscopan)

26
Q

Give examples of some antiemetics?

A
  • Promethazine (antihistamine)
  • Hyoscine hydrobromide (antimuscarinic)
  • Phenothiazines (dopamine antagonists)
  • Dexamethasone (steroids)
  • Haloperidol (neuroleptics)
27
Q

Give an example of a bulk-forming laxative?

A

Ispaghula husk

28
Q

Give an example of a stimulant laxative?

A

Bisacodyl

29
Q

Give an example of an osmotic laxative?

A

Lactulose

30
Q

What are the 4 approaches for treatment of acute diarrhoea?

A
  1. Maintain fluid and electrolyte (oral rehydration preparation)
  2. Antimotility drug (codeine)
  3. Antispasmodics (hyoscine butylbromide)
  4. Antibacterial agent occasionally
31
Q

What is the initial treatment for a peptic ulcer (killing H. pylori)?

A

Ampicillin + Clarithromycin/Metronidazole

32
Q

What are the drugs to treat peptic ulcers?

A
  • Cimetidine (histamine blockade drug)

- Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor)

33
Q

Give an example of a

diuretic (to combat pulmonary oedema due to LVF, chronic heart failure)?

A

Furosemide

34
Q

What drug to give for herpes simplex virus?

A

Aciclovir

35
Q

Give 3 examples of antidepressant drugs?

A
  1. Sertraline (SSRI)
  2. Amitriptyline (tricyclic)
  3. Citalopram (SSRI)
36
Q

What is the management for acute stroke?

A
  • Aspirin
  • Thrombolytic treatment
  • Endovascular treatment/ Thrombectomy
  • If BP still elevated then labetolol
37
Q

What is the treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A
  • Intubate
  • 3L of 0.9% NaCl per 24hrs
  • IV labetolol (MAP >130mmHg)
  • Codeine
  • Phenytoin (seizures)
38
Q

What is the secondary prevention for stroke?

A
  • Clopidogrel (antithrombotic)
  • Calcium channel blocker (Amlodipine), thiazide diuretic (Indapamide), ACE inhibitor (Ramipril)
  • Simvastatin
  • Carotid endarterectomy
39
Q

What to give for a suspected meningococcal infection?

A
  • IV/IM penicillin

- IV ceftriaxone

40
Q

Drug for Parkinsons?

A

Levodopa

41
Q

2 drugs for Dementia?

A
  1. Donepezil (mild-mod)

2. Memantine (mod-sev)

42
Q

What are the 3 treatment options for hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Radioactive iodine (I131)
  2. Anti-thyroid (calcium supplements)
  3. Propranolol
43
Q

What are the 2 drugs for hypothyroidism?

A
  1. Levothyroxine (T4 replacement therapy)

2. Liothyronine

44
Q

What are diabetic drugs?

A
  • Insulin Lispro (rapid acting)

- Metformin

45
Q

Give an example of an adrenal corticosteroid?

A

Fludrocortisone

46
Q

Give an example of glucocorticoid drugs?

A
  1. Hydrocortisone (replacement therapy)
  2. Prednisolone (anti-inflammatory & immunosuppression)
  3. Dexamethasone (oedema, anti-inflammatory, suppress ACTH production)

MD4003 (22 decks)

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