Breast Pathology Flashcards
What is the imaging modality for women <35 years?
Ultrasound scanning
What is the imaging modality for older women?
Mammography and/or ultrasound scan
How is pathological assessment undertaken for the breast?
Ultrasound-guided core biopsy, fine needle aspiration or occasionally excision biopsy
List the risk factors for breast cancer?
- Previous breast cancer
- Increasing age
- Family history
- Oral contraceptive pill
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Early menarche
- Late menopause
- First pregnancy >35years
- Current smoker
Describe what fibroadenoma is?
- Common benign neoplasm
- After puberty in younger women <30years
- Discrete, mobile, non-tender mass
Describe what fibrocystic change is?
- Benign condition associated with tender, lumpy breasts
- Affects 50% of women between 20-50years
- Rare after menopause
Describe a breast cyst?
Firm, smooth, well-defined lumps which may cause discomfort if enlarging
Describe fat necrosis?
- Benign condition that arises after trauma or surgery
- Present as a firm, irregular mass with tethering to overlying skin
List 6 causes of nipple lesions?
- Paget’s disease
- Nipple adenoma
- Eczema
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Melanoma
- Bowen’s disease
List the potential causes of gynaecomastia in males?
- Idiopathic
- Drugs (spironolactone, anabolic steroids)
- Liver cirrhosis
- Gonadal failure
- Testicular tumours
Describe the presentation of male breast cancer?
Hard, fixed lesion, sometimes with overlying skin involvement and is usually eccentric to areola
