Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol

Answer 1

inhibits peptidyl transferase

Question 2

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol

Answer 2

allergy
irreversible aplastic anaemia
grey baby syndrome

Question 3

What is an example of a quinolone

Answer 3

ofloxacin

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of quinolones

Answer 4

inhibit DNA gyrase (inhibits nucleic acid synthesis)

Question 5

What is the most likely contaminant of eye drops after 28 days

Answer 5

pseudomonas

Question 6

What is an example of an anti-viral

Answer 6

aciclovir

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of aciclovir

Answer 7

inhibits DNA synthesis

Question 8

What preservative is put into eye drops to increase penetration

Answer 8

benzalkonium

Question 9

What does benzalkonium do

Answer 9

increases penetration and disrupts the tear film

Question 10

What steroid would be used post op in an uninflamed eye

Answer 10

prednisolone acetate

Question 11

What steroid would be used in an inflamed eye for corneal disease

Answer 11

prednisolone phosphate

Question 12

Prednisolone acetate is

Answer 12

hydrophobic

Question 13

prednisolone phosphate is

Answer 13

hydrophilic

Question 14

What do steroids prevents

Answer 14

corneal graft rejection

Question 15

what are side effects of steroids

Answer 15

cataracts 
steroid induced glaucoma 
exacerbation of viral infection 
weight gain
osteoporosis 
gastric ulcers

Question 16

Antihistamines are used for

Answer 16

allergic conjunctivitis

Question 17

NSAIDs are used for

Answer 17

pain relief

e.g. post-refractive laser

Question 18

What meds are used in glaucoma

Answer 18

CA inhibitors
B blockers
alpha2 adrenergic agonists
parasympathomimetics 
prostanoids

Question 19

What is an example of CA inhibitors

Answer 19

dorzolamide (drops)

acetazolamide (oral)

Question 20

What is the side effects of CA inhibitors

Answer 20

taste funny

systemic SE

Question 21

What is an example of beta blockers

Answer 21

tamolol

bixanolol

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action of B blockers

Answer 22

block the ciliary body from producing aqueous humour

Question 23

What is an example of a2 adrenergic agonists

Answer 23

brimonidine

Question 24

What is the side effects of brimonidine

Answer 24

high allergy rate

Question 25

What is an example of a parasympathomimetic

Answer 25

pilocarpine

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action of pilocarpine

Answer 26

pupil constriction

Question 27

What is an example of a prostanoid

Answer 27

xalatan

Question 28

When is intra-vitreal injections used

Answer 28

for abx treatment in endophthalmitis for delivery of intra-ocular steroids for delivery of anti-VEGF

Question 29

local anaesthetic does what

Answer 29

blocks Na channels and impedes nerve conduction

Question 30

What is local anaesthetic used for

Answer 30

corneal scrapings foreign body removal tonometry (testing IOP) comfort

Question 31

What is an example of mydriatics

Answer 31

tropicamide | cyclopentolate

Question 32

What is the mechanism of action of mydriatics

Answer 32

pupil dilatation by blocking the parasympathetic effect on the iris

Question 33

what are the side effects of mydriatics

Answer 33

blurring of vision | acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 34

an example of sympathomimetics is

Answer 34

atropine | phenylephrine

Question 35

What is the action of sympathomimetics

Answer 35

pupildilatation

Question 36

What is the side effect of ethambutol

Answer 36

optic neuropathy

Question 37

what is the side effect of chloroquine

Answer 37

maculopathy