Miscellaneous Flashcards
Loss of vision in diabetic retinopathy is due to
macular oedema
vitreous haemorrhage
scarring of retina
tractional retinal detachment
Class 1 of DR is
retinopathy
Class 2 of DR is
maculopathy
annual screening for retinopathy in T1DM occurs
5 years after diagnosis and onwards
annual screening for retinopathy in T2DM occurs
at time of diagnosis onwards
What is the treatment of severe/proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema (or if theres clinically insignificant oedema present)
pan-retinal photocoagulation - laser
What is the treatment of non-severe DR with no macular oedema
observe
What is the treatment for macular oedema
anti-VEGF
what is the treatment for vitreous haemorrhage in someone with diabetic retinopathy
vitrectomy
What is the treatment for proliferative DR and macular oedema
pan-retinal photocoagulation + Anti-VEGF
Hypertension presents with what in eye disease
attenuated blood vessels - cooper/silver wires cotton wool spots hard exudates haemorrhages optic disc oedema
What are the signs of thyroid eye disease
proptosis exophthalmus lid retraction, lag, pigmentation, oedema optic neuropathy extra-ocular muscle involvement
RA is associated with
scleritis
uveitis
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Sjogrens is associated with
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
corneal ulceration
blepharitis
RA
Xerostomia in sjogrens =
dry mouth
the most common cause of minor trauma to the eye is
work related
the most common place of ocular trauma in general is
accidents around the home
Blood in the anterior chamber is called
hyphaema
Siedel’s test is
if there is a laceration in the cornea, when the fluoroscien is placed on, it will wash away due to the leakage of aqu humour
If there is a suspected foreign body in the eye, what is an important investigation
X-ray
always X-ray
What is worse if spilt in the eye (alkali/acid)
alkali
what is the treatment for chemicals in the eye
immediate irrigation with minimum 2L of saline
keep irrigating till pH back to normal
What are the causes of CN3 palsy
microvascular congenital tumour aneurysm - if painful MS
What are the causes of CN4 palsy
microvascular
congenital
tumour
if bilateral - closed head trauma
What will a patient likely do in unilateral CN4 palsy
tilt their head
What what will a patient likely do in bilateral CN4 palsy
depress the chin to compensate
What are the causes of CN6 palsy
microvascular
congenital
tumour
ICP - if there’s papilloedema
Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia is
when one eye has a delay when looking to a certain side
What are the causes of inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
vascular
How does optic neuritis present
unilateral progressive vision loss pain behind the eye (esp on movement) colour desaturation loss of central vision (scotoma) gradual recovery over weeks to months
What condition is optic neuritis associated with
MS
