Miscellaneous

Question 1

Loss of vision in diabetic retinopathy is due to

Answer 1

macular oedema
vitreous haemorrhage
scarring of retina
tractional retinal detachment

Question 2

Class 1 of DR is

Answer 2

retinopathy

Question 3

Class 2 of DR is

Answer 3

maculopathy

Question 4

annual screening for retinopathy in T1DM occurs

Answer 4

5 years after diagnosis and onwards

Question 5

annual screening for retinopathy in T2DM occurs

Answer 5

at time of diagnosis onwards

Question 6

What is the treatment of severe/proliferative diabetic retinopathy without macular oedema (or if theres clinically insignificant oedema present)

Answer 6

pan-retinal photocoagulation - laser

Question 7

What is the treatment of non-severe DR with no macular oedema

Answer 7

observe

Question 8

What is the treatment for macular oedema

Answer 8

anti-VEGF

Question 9

what is the treatment for vitreous haemorrhage in someone with diabetic retinopathy

Answer 9

vitrectomy

Question 10

What is the treatment for proliferative DR and macular oedema

Answer 10

pan-retinal photocoagulation + Anti-VEGF

Question 11

Hypertension presents with what in eye disease

Answer 11

attenuated blood vessels - cooper/silver wires 
cotton wool spots
hard exudates
haemorrhages 
optic disc oedema

Question 12

What are the signs of thyroid eye disease

Answer 12

proptosis 
exophthalmus 
lid retraction, lag, pigmentation, oedema
optic neuropathy 
extra-ocular muscle involvement

Question 13

RA is associated with

Answer 13

scleritis
uveitis
keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 14

Sjogrens is associated with

Answer 14

keratoconjunctivitis sicca
corneal ulceration
blepharitis
RA

Question 15

Xerostomia in sjogrens =

Answer 15

dry mouth

Question 16

the most common cause of minor trauma to the eye is

Answer 16

work related

Question 17

the most common place of ocular trauma in general is

Answer 17

accidents around the home

Question 18

Blood in the anterior chamber is called

Answer 18

hyphaema

Question 19

Siedel’s test is

Answer 19

if there is a laceration in the cornea, when the fluoroscien is placed on, it will wash away due to the leakage of aqu humour

Question 20

If there is a suspected foreign body in the eye, what is an important investigation

Answer 20

X-ray

always X-ray

Question 21

What is worse if spilt in the eye (alkali/acid)

Answer 21

alkali

Question 22

what is the treatment for chemicals in the eye

Answer 22

immediate irrigation with minimum 2L of saline

keep irrigating till pH back to normal

Question 23

What are the causes of CN3 palsy

Answer 23

microvascular 
congenital 
tumour
aneurysm - if painful
MS

Question 24

What are the causes of CN4 palsy

Answer 24

microvascular
congenital
tumour
if bilateral - closed head trauma

Question 25

What will a patient likely do in unilateral CN4 palsy

Answer 25

tilt their head

Question 26

What what will a patient likely do in bilateral CN4 palsy

Answer 26

depress the chin to compensate

Question 27

What are the causes of CN6 palsy

Answer 27

microvascular
congenital
tumour
ICP - if there’s papilloedema

Question 28

Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia is

Answer 28

when one eye has a delay when looking to a certain side

Question 29

What are the causes of inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer 29

MS

vascular

Question 30

How does optic neuritis present

Answer 30

unilateral progressive vision loss
pain behind the eye (esp on movement)
colour desaturation 
loss of central vision (scotoma)
gradual recovery over weeks to months

Question 31

What condition is optic neuritis associated with

Answer 31

MS