Pharmacology Flashcards
what is the principal organ of drug excretion
kidney
what is acid’s relationship with protons
acid donates protons
what is base’s relationship with protons
bases accept protons
Henderson hasslebach equation for acids
pKa - pH = log(AH/A-)
Henderson hasslebach equation for bases
pKa - pH = log(BH+/B)
what facilitates the absorption of weak acids
pH of stomach lumen
where are bases absorbed
small intestine
what form of drug moves readily by diffusion
unionised drugs
what is the reducing agent in a reaction
the one that is oxidised i.e. the one that loses electrons
what is the oxidising agent in a reaction
the one that is reduced i.e. gains an electron
what drugs can cause hyperkalaemia
ACE/ARBs
spironolactone
NSAIDs
what is Km
concentration at which drug works at half of Vmax
what is Vmax
concentration at which the drug is having maximal effect
effect of rifampicin on ethylestriadol
unchanged Km and higher Vmax
sildenafil and isosorbide mononitrate leads to what
postural hypotension
what can exacerbate gout when px is on allopurinol
furosemide
pain relief in OA if patient is on warfarin
paracetamol
tx paracetamol overdose
IV N acetylcysteine
how long before surgery does warfarin need to be stoped
5 days
does omeprazole need to be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function
no
when is steady state plasma concentration achieved for a drug with first order kinetics
when the rate of administration equals rate of elimination
what does knowledge of volume of distribution help you calculate
loading dose
