Immunology

Question 1

what mediates type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 1

IgE

- allergy

Question 2

what mediates type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 2

Complement (IgG or IgM)

• cytotoxic
• antibody dependent

Question 3

what mediates type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 3

IgG complement, neutrophils

- immune complex mediated

Question 4

what mediates type 4 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 4

T cells

- delayed hypersensitivity

Question 5

what type of reaction are eczema, hives and hay fever

Answer 5

type one

Question 6

what type of reaction is SLE

Answer 6

Type 3

Question 7

what type of reaction is ABO mismatch

Answer 7

Type 2

Question 8

what type of reaction is RA

Answer 8

Type 3

Question 9

what type of reaction is contact dermatitis

Answer 9

Type 4

Question 10

what type of reaction is a graft rejection

Answer 10

Type 4

Question 11

primary lymphoid tissue

Answer 11

bone marrow + thymus

Question 12

secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 12

spleen + tonsils

Question 13

proteins in innate immune system

Answer 13

complement
acute phase proteins
cytokines

Question 14

proteins in adaptive immune system

Answer 14

antibodies

cytokines

Question 15

leukocytes in adaptive immune system

Answer 15

B lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

Question 16

leukocytes in innate immune system

Answer 16

macrophage 
neutrophils 
dendritic cells 
basophils 
eosinophils 
NK cells

Question 17

opsonins that enhance phagocytosis

Answer 17

C3b
collectins
CRP

Question 18

interferons

Answer 18

anti-viral activity

Question 19

TNF alpha

Answer 19

pro- inflammatory cytokine

Question 20

what interleukin activates CD8 T cells

Answer 20

IL 2

Question 21

antibody found in breast milk, saliva, tears

Answer 21

IgA

Question 22

antibody that provide maternal immunity

Answer 22

IgG

Question 23

first antibody produced in acute infection

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

what does MHC 1 present to

Answer 24

CD8 T cells

Question 25

what does MHC 2 present to

Answer 25

CD4 T cells

Question 26

what is deficient in chronic granulomatous disease | what are the symptoms

Answer 26

NADPH oxidase - failure of oxidative killing | - recurrent pneumonias + abscesses

Question 27

what is the most common primary antibody deficiency

Answer 27

selective IgA deficiency

Question 28

features of selective IgA deficiency

Answer 28

recurrent sinus + resp infections | associated with coeliac disease

Question 29

features of X linked (Burtons) congenital agammaglobulinaemia

Answer 29

recurrent bacterial infections - absent B cells - reduction in ALL immunoglobulins

Question 30

features of severe combined immunodeficiency

Answer 30

X linked - recurrent VIRAL, BACTERIAL + FUNGAL infections - failure to produce lymphocytes - IL2 mutation - presents after 3 months of life- diarrhoea, failure to thrive

Question 31

features of common variable immunodeficiency

Answer 31

low serum immunoglobulins increase in ENT + resp infections presents in 30-40s

Question 32

what cells form a granuloma

Answer 32

macrophage + lymphocytes

Question 33

what cells kill virally infected cells

Answer 33

NK cells | cytotoxic T cells

Question 34

what receptors recognise pathogens

Answer 34

toll like receptors lectin receptors scavenger receptors

Question 35

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 35

neutrophils fail to bind to endothelial markers decent in CD18 Increase neutrophil count during infection