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Transition Block > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what viruses cause meningitis

A

enteroviruses e.g. ECHO

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2
Q

most common cause of encephalitis

A

herpes simplex

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3
Q

tx of encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

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4
Q

what bacteria cause cerebral abscesses

A

staph aureus
strep viridans

toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised

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5
Q

symptoms of brain abscess

A

headahce
focal neurological deficit
papilloedema
N+V

NO SIGNS OF INFECTION e.g fever/chills

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6
Q

CT brain abscess

A

ring enhancing lesion

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7
Q

what causes the symptoms in neisseria meningitis

A

endotoxin

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8
Q

who gets meningococcal meningitis

A

10-23 year olds

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9
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in children <10

A

haemophilus influenza

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10
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in adults

A

pneumococcus

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11
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in neonates+ the elderly

A

listeria

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12
Q

symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A 
stiff neck 
fever
altered consciousness
headache
vomiting 
photophobia
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13
Q

what is aseptic meningitis

A

non pyogenic bacterial meningitis

- CSF has low WBCs, minimally elevated protein, normal glucose

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14
Q

empirical therapy bacterial meningitis

A

IV ceftriaxone 2g BD

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15
Q

treatment of bacterial meningitis in a patient with penicillin allergy

A

chloramphenicol + dexamethasone

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16
Q

treatment of listeria meningitis

A

IV ampicillin/amoxicillin

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17
Q

treatment of listeria meningitis in a patient with penicillin allergy

A

co trimoxazole

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18
Q

treatment of cryptococcal meningitis

A

IV amphotericin

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19
Q

what else is given in treatment of meningitis

A

steroids

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20
Q

prophylaxis for meningitis

A

500mg ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

definition of septic shock

A

severe sepsis with hypotension that does not improve with volume replacement therapy

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22
Q

empirical tx intra abdominal sepsis

A

Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Gentamicin

23
Q

SEPSIS 6

A

Take 3, Give 3

take

  • lactate
  • blood cultures
  • urine output

give

  • oxygen
  • fluids
  • IV antibiotics
24
Q

examples of aerobes

A

staph
strep
coliforms
enterococci

25
Q

examples of strict aerobes

A

pseudomonas

- requires oxygen

26
Q

what are strict aerobes sensitive to

A

gentamicin

27
Q

examples of anaerobes

A

clostridium

28
Q

what are anaerobes sensitive to

A

metronidazole

29
Q

what are coliforms

A

organisms that inhabit the large bowel

30
Q

treatment of coliforms

A

gentamicin

31
Q

treatment of enterococci

A

amoxicillin

32
Q

investigation of chlamydia in asymptomatic patients

A

females - vulvovaginal swab

males- first void urine sample

33
Q

tx chlamydia

A

Azithromycin 1G

or doxycycline 7 days

34
Q

tx gonorrhoea

A

IM Ceftriaxone + azithromycin 1g

35
Q

what forms of HPV cause genital warts

A

6 + 11

36
Q

treatment of HPV

A

podophyllotoxin
imiquimod
cryotherapy

37
Q

what bacteria causes syphilus

A

treponema pallidum

38
Q

which type of herpes causes viral shedding

A

herpes simplex 2

39
Q

predisposing factors for candida

A

antibiotics
high oestrogen levels
poorly controlled diabetes
immunocompromised

40
Q

tx of candida

A

topical clotrimazole

41
Q

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

thin watery fishy discharge

42
Q

tx bacterial vaginosis

A

oral metronidazole

43
Q

coagulase +ve

A

staph aureus

44
Q

alpha haemolysis

A

partial haemolysis

  • step pneumonia
  • strep viridans
45
Q

beta haemolysis

A

complete haemolysis

- group A + B strep

46
Q

where do penicillins + cephalosporins act

A

cell wall

47
Q

where does metronidazole act

A

cell DNA

48
Q

which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis

A

macrolides - clarithromycin
tetracycline/ doxycycline
aminoglycosides - gentamicin

49
Q

tx mild community acquired pneumonia (CURB65 0-2)

A

amoxicillin

- doxycycline if allergic

50
Q

tx severe community acquired pneumonia (CURB65 3-5)

A

IV co- amoxiclav + clarithromycin

51
Q

tx mild hospital acquired pneumonia

A

amoxicillin + metronidazole

52
Q

tx serve hospital acquired pneumonia

A

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

53
Q

what is added in meningitis treatment if penicillin resistant pneumococci is a possibility

A

Vancomycin

Transition Block (8 decks)

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