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Transition Block > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what viruses cause meningitis

A

enteroviruses e.g. ECHO

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2
Q

most common cause of encephalitis

A

herpes simplex

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3
Q

tx of encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

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4
Q

what bacteria cause cerebral abscesses

A

staph aureus
strep viridans

toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised

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5
Q

symptoms of brain abscess

A

headahce
focal neurological deficit
papilloedema
N+V

NO SIGNS OF INFECTION e.g fever/chills

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6
Q

CT brain abscess

A

ring enhancing lesion

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7
Q

what causes the symptoms in neisseria meningitis

A

endotoxin

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8
Q

who gets meningococcal meningitis

A

10-23 year olds

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9
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in children <10

A

haemophilus influenza

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10
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in adults

A

pneumococcus

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11
Q

what causes bacterial meningitis in neonates+ the elderly

A

listeria

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12
Q

symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A 
stiff neck 
fever
altered consciousness
headache
vomiting 
photophobia
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13
Q

what is aseptic meningitis

A

non pyogenic bacterial meningitis

- CSF has low WBCs, minimally elevated protein, normal glucose

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14
Q

empirical therapy bacterial meningitis

A

IV ceftriaxone 2g BD

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15
Q

treatment of bacterial meningitis in a patient with penicillin allergy

A

chloramphenicol + dexamethasone

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16
Q

treatment of listeria meningitis

A

IV ampicillin/amoxicillin

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17
Q

treatment of listeria meningitis in a patient with penicillin allergy

A

co trimoxazole

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18
Q

treatment of cryptococcal meningitis

A

IV amphotericin

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19
Q

what else is given in treatment of meningitis

A

steroids

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20
Q

prophylaxis for meningitis

A

500mg ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

definition of septic shock

A

severe sepsis with hypotension that does not improve with volume replacement therapy

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22
Q

empirical tx intra abdominal sepsis

A

Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, Gentamicin

23
Q

SEPSIS 6

A

Take 3, Give 3

take

  • lactate
  • blood cultures
  • urine output

give

  • oxygen
  • fluids
  • IV antibiotics
24
Q

examples of aerobes

A

staph
strep
coliforms
enterococci

25
examples of strict aerobes
pseudomonas | - requires oxygen
26
what are strict aerobes sensitive to
gentamicin
27
examples of anaerobes
clostridium
28
what are anaerobes sensitive to
metronidazole
29
what are coliforms
organisms that inhabit the large bowel
30
treatment of coliforms
gentamicin
31
treatment of enterococci
amoxicillin
32
investigation of chlamydia in asymptomatic patients
females - vulvovaginal swab | males- first void urine sample
33
tx chlamydia
Azithromycin 1G | or doxycycline 7 days
34
tx gonorrhoea
IM Ceftriaxone + azithromycin 1g
35
what forms of HPV cause genital warts
6 + 11
36
treatment of HPV
podophyllotoxin imiquimod cryotherapy
37
what bacteria causes syphilus
treponema pallidum
38
which type of herpes causes viral shedding
herpes simplex 2
39
predisposing factors for candida
antibiotics high oestrogen levels poorly controlled diabetes immunocompromised
40
tx of candida
topical clotrimazole
41
symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
thin watery fishy discharge
42
tx bacterial vaginosis
oral metronidazole
43
coagulase +ve
staph aureus
44
alpha haemolysis
partial haemolysis - step pneumonia - strep viridans
45
beta haemolysis
complete haemolysis | - group A + B strep
46
where do penicillins + cephalosporins act
cell wall
47
where does metronidazole act
cell DNA
48
which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides - clarithromycin tetracycline/ doxycycline aminoglycosides - gentamicin
49
tx mild community acquired pneumonia (CURB65 0-2)
amoxicillin | - doxycycline if allergic
50
tx severe community acquired pneumonia (CURB65 3-5)
IV co- amoxiclav + clarithromycin
51
tx mild hospital acquired pneumonia
amoxicillin + metronidazole
52
tx serve hospital acquired pneumonia
IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin
53
what is added in meningitis treatment if penicillin resistant pneumococci is a possibility
Vancomycin

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