Pharmacology Flashcards
Where the dose is increasing sharply
Therapeutic range
Which scheduled drug is highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use
Schedule I
Which scheduled drug is high abuse potential, written prescription with signature only, no refills
Schedule II
Which scheduled drug is moderate abuse potential, may phone in, five RX in six months
Example: Tylenol #3
Schedule III
Which scheduled drug has lower abuse potential, may phone in, five Rx in six months
Example: Valium (diazepam) and Darvon
Scheduled IV
Which scheduled drug lowest abuse potential, some may be available OTC
Scheduled V
The pharmacological activity of a drug, related to dose
The amount of drug necessary to produce an effect
Potency
Potency is GREATER when dose is ____
SMALLER
Maximum response of a drug, regardless of the dose
Efficacy
The time it takes for the drug to have an effect
Onset
The length of time that a drug has an effect
Duration
One measure of duration
The amount of time necessary for a drug to fall 1/2 of its original blood level
Half life
The route of administration affects both what?
onset and duration
Two major groups of routes of drug administration
Enteral
Parental
What type of administration that is placed directly into the GI tract
oral route
Rectal route
Enteral
Which type of administration bypasses the GI tract
IV,IM, SQ, intradermal, Inhalation, topical, sublingual
Parenteral
This administration is safest, least expensive and most convenient.
Large area for absorption (small intestine)
Oral route
This administration produces MOST RAPID drug response, best for emergency situations
IV (intravascular)
This administration provides sustained effect
massaging muscle will increase the drug’s absorption
Deltoid or gluteal muscles common injection sites
IM (intramuscular)
Insulin is administered this way?
SQ (subcutaneous)
This provides rapid delivery across large surface area of respiratory mucosa
Asthma inhalers and nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation
Inhalation
Drug applied to a body surface (skin, mucosa)
Most effective in non-keratinized areas
Topical
What is the study of how a drug enters the body, circulates in the body, and leaves the body
Pharmacokinetics
ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
The transfer of a drug from the site of administration to the blood stream.
IV administered drugs bypass this step
Absorption
This is the most important for absorption of oral drug
Small intestine
The breaking down of a drug for its removal from the body
Also known as biofransformation
Metabolism
What organ is the most important site for metabolism of drugs
liver
The removal of the drug from the body
Drug elimination terminates drug effect
Elimination
What is the most important organ for elimination of a drug
Kidneys
Hypersensitivity response to a drug to which the patient was previously exposed
NOT dose related
Allergy
Ventolin (albuterol) is a medication for what
inhaler to treat asthma (bronchodilator)
Epinephrine is to treat
Anaphylactic reaction
Also used in local anesthetic solutions as vasoconstrictor
Used in cardiac arrest to stimulate heart muscle
Epinephrine
What medication used to treat shock, low blood pressure and Parkinson’s
Dopamine
Which anticholinergic drug is used to decrease saliva flow for dental procedures
Atropine
Which cholinergic Drugs is used increase saliva flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and can be used to treat glaucoma
Pilocarpine
Nonopioid, brand name is Tylenol
Acetaminophen
Tylenol #3 is what type of Schedule drug?
3
Vicodin is what type of Schedule drug?
2
Most commonly prescribed antibiotic in dentistry
Penicillin
This antibiotic is most likely antibiotic to produce an anaphylactic allergic reaction
Safe for pregnant patients
Penicillin
Should not be taken during pregnancy/early childhood due to tooth discoloration
Used in the treatment of acne and penicillin resistant periodontal infections, such as NUG
Tetracyclines
What antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Frist alternative for premedication if patient is allergic to amoxicillin
Used limited due to rare adverse reaction called pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
Used to treat anaerobic infections
Treatment of periodontal infections and ANUG
DO NOT use alcohol (Antabuse effect) headache, sick, vomit
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
