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Board Review > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What terminology is an opening or passage

A

Foramen

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2
Q

What terminology is a projection or extension

A

Process

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3
Q

What terminology is a bony depression

A

Fossa

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4
Q

How many bones does the skull have

A

22 which may be single or paired

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5
Q

How may cranial and facial bones are in the skull

A

8 cranial and 14 facial

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6
Q

What foramina does the superior orbital fissure run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V1), first division (Ophthalmic)

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7
Q

What foramina does the foramen rotundum run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V2) second division (Maxillary)

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8
Q

What foramina does the foramen ovale run through

A

trigeminal nerve (V3) third division (mandibular)

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve controls sense of smell

A

I Olfactory

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve controls sense of sight

A

II optic

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve controls eye muscle

A

IV trochlear

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12
Q

Which cranial nerve controls ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions

A

Trigeminal

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13
Q

which cranial nerve controls muscles of facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani), sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (parasympathetic)

A

VII facial

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14
Q

which cranial nerve controls sense of balance and hearing

A

VIII Vestibulocochlear

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15
Q

which cranial nerve control taste and sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and parasympathetic innervation of the Parotid Gland

A

IX Glassopharyngeal

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16
Q

which cranial nerve controls the smooth muscles and Glands of the body, cardiac muscle

A

X Vagus

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17
Q

which cranial nerve controls the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, Pharynx, and Larynx

A

XI Accessory

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18
Q

which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the tongue

A

XII Hypoglossal

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19
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the Trigeminal nerve

A

V1: Ophthalmic
V2: Maxillary
V3: Mandibular

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20
Q

What are the parts of the Temporomandibular joint

A

Temporal bone
Mandible
Articular disc
Capsule

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21
Q

Which part of the TMJ is the mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa or articular fossa

A

Temporal bone

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22
Q

What part is also called the condyle

A

mandible

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23
Q

This part of the TMJ is a fibrous pad of dense collagen tissue prevents bone to bone contact, divides joint into upper and lower synovial cavities thickest at the posterior, thinner in the center moves with condyle under normal function

A

Capsule

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24
Q

What is hypomobility from trauma, disease, bruxism

A

Trismus

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25
Q

Which muscles make up the floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

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26
Q

What carries blood to the heart and what carries blood away from the heart

A

Veins

Arteries

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27
Q

Three major branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Maxillary: teeth, muscles of mastication, eat
  • Lingual: tongue, floor of mouth
  • Facial: muscles of facial expressions, lips, eyelids, soft palate, throat
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28
Q

Veins run with arteries and often have the same name, an exception to this in the head and neck is what

A

Jugular vein, which runs with the carotid artery

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29
Q

This is found near the pterygoid muscles, maxillary tuberosity, and sphenoid bone. Drains to form the maxillary veins

A

Pterygoid plexus

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30
Q

structures which drain into the plexus include the teeth, muscles of mastication, buccinators, nose and palate

A

Pterygoid plexus

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31
Q

This plexus may be pierced through improper angulation of the needle during the administration of a PSA block. Hematoma may develop as a result

A

Pterygoid plexus

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32
Q

A sinus containing venous blood located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone, near the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose

A

Cavernous sinus

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33
Q

Fetal pressure on the inferior vena cava could cause what?

A

Orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure due to a sudden change of posture)

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34
Q

Lymph node groups

A

Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes
Deep cervical nodes

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35
Q

Which nodes drains fluid from the mandibular incisors, tip of tongue, midline of lip, chin and floor of mouth

A

Submental nodes

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36
Q

Which nodes drains the submental nodes and remaining teeth

May or may not include 3rd molars

A

Submandibular

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37
Q

Which nodes drains the submandibular nodes, 3rd molars and the wall of the throat

A

Deep cervical nodes

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38
Q

infection impact upon nodal sequence

A
  1. Primary nodes
  2. Secondary nodes
  3. Tertiary nodes
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39
Q

What is the first node affected by a disease process

A

Primary nodes

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40
Q

What is the next set of nodes affected by a disease process

A

Secondary nodes

41
Q

What is the third nodal set affected by a disease process

A

Tertiary nodes

42
Q

What are the components of the cell

A 
Membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
Golgi bodies 
Mitochondria 
Lysosomes 
Filaments and tubules
43
Q

Which part of the cell is a site of cellular protein synthesis

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

Most structures of the oral cavity develop from two embryonic processes

A
  1. Frontal process

2. 1st branchial arch

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the tongue

A

lingual artery

46
Q

Which part of the tongue contains taste buds and glands of Von Ebner (minor salivary glands, serous)

A

Circumvallate

47
Q

Three major pairs of salivary glands

A
  1. Submandibular gland
  2. Sublingual gland
  3. Parotid gland
48
Q

What is the function of the Temporalis muscle

A

Retract and elevate the mandible

49
Q

What is the function of the master muscle

A

Elevate the mandible

50
Q

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid muscle

A

Elevate and protrude the mandible

51
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle

A

Protrude and/or depress the mandible (working with the hyoid muscles) and allow the side to side (lateral) shift of the mandible

52
Q

What artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

53
Q

Aorta is most effect by

A

arteriosclerosis

54
Q

The posterior (1/3) tongue (and hyoid bone) develop from which branchial arches

A

2nd and 3rd

55
Q

The upper lip is complete within

A

six to eight weeks

56
Q

How is the upper lip formed

A

Fusion of the median nasal process and right and left maxillary processes

57
Q

What is the common site for oral cancer?

A

lateral borders of the tongue

58
Q

Which part of the tongue is keratinized papillae to protect the tongue, but contains no taste buds

A

filiform

59
Q

This salivary gland produces 65% of total saliva and mixed secretion

A

Submandibular gland

60
Q

Submandibular gland contains which duct

A

Wharton’s duct that empties under the tongue

61
Q

This salivary gland produces 10% of total saliva and has mixed secretion (mostly serous)

A

Sublingual gland

62
Q

The sublingual gland contains which duct

A

Bartholin’s duct and empties under the tongue

63
Q

This salivary gland produces 25% of total saliva and only serous secretion only

A

Parotid gland

64
Q

The parotid gland contains which duct

A

Stenson’s duct empties opposite the maxillary molars

65
Q

What is the Hertwig’s Epithrlial Root Sheath (HERS)

A

Shapes the root! Root lengths is complete at 1 to 4 yrs after eruption

66
Q

The dental sac surrounds the developing tooth and becomes

A

Cementum, the PDL and alveolar bone

67
Q

What is composed of a stratified squamous epithelial layer and a connective tissue lamina propria, separated by a basement membrane.

A

Oral mucosa

68
Q

The oral mucosa includes

A

masticatory, lining, and specialized mucosal tissues

69
Q

96% mineralized, hardest tissue of the body

A

Enamel

70
Q

70% mineralized, tubular structure, forms greatest bulk of tooth

A

Dentin

71
Q

50% mineralized (like bone), found on the root surface/

A

Cementum-thinnest at the cervical portion of the tooth, thickest at the apex

72
Q

Cementum is nourished by the

A

periodontal ligaments

73
Q

This is vital, sensory, responsive portion of the tooth, contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, fibroblast, odontoblasts, histiocytes, pulp stones

A

Pulp

74
Q

Suspensatory ligament attaching tooth to alveolar socket and composed of dense collagen and fibroblasts

A

periodontal ligament

75
Q

Periodontal ligaments are attached to cementum by

A

Sharpey’s Fibers

76
Q

Most often missed mesial coronal and root concavity

A

Maxillary first premolar

77
Q

Which premolar most often having two roots

A

Maxillary first

78
Q

Which premolar is the hardest for root canal therapy bec the roots are often bifurcation

A

Maxillary first

79
Q

Tooth with the longest root

A

Maxillary canine

80
Q

Cuspid with occasionally bifurcated root (facial-lingual)

A

Mandibular

81
Q

Tooth which most often fails to develop

A

third molar and maxillary lateral

82
Q

Non-functional lingual cusp

A

Mandibular first premolar

83
Q

Premolar which commonly has three cusp

A

Mandibular second

84
Q

Tooth which frequently has a fifth cusp

A

Mandibular first molar
Maxillary first molar
(Cusp of Carabelli)

85
Q

Tooth most often affected by microdontia

A

Maxillary lateral incisor

86
Q

Tooth most likely to have a root with two canals

A

Mandibular first molar (mesial root)

87
Q

Tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries

A

Maxillary lateral incisor

88
Q

Maxillary first molar oblique ridge runs from

A

distobuccal cusp to messiolingual cusp

89
Q

Which root of the mandibular first molar is the widest and strongest

A

Mesial root

90
Q

Tooth with tendency to have divergent roots

A

Maxillary first molar

91
Q

Tooth with the most unique anatomy

A

Primary first mandibular molar

92
Q

which tooth frequently manifest dens in dente

A

Maxillary lateral incisor

93
Q 
Three of the six bones which comprise the orbit include 
A. Ethmoid, Frontal, parietal 
B. Ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine 
C. Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma 
D. Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine
A

Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma

94
Q 
Four cranial nerves providing innervation to the tongue include: 
A. V, VI, IX, and X 
B. V, VI, VII, and IX 
C. V, VII, IX, and XII 
D. V, VI, VII, and VIII
A

V, VII, IX, and XII

95
Q 
The muscles of mastication most responsible for protrusion of the jaw are: 
A. Masseters
B. Temporalis 
C. Medial Pterygoids
D Lateral Pterygoids
A

Lateral Pterygoids

96
Q 
The articular fossa is provided by what bone?
A Parietal 
B. Occipital
C Sphenoid 
D. Temporal
A

Temporal

97
Q 
Whartons duct empties the
A Glands of Von Ebner 
B. Parotid salivary glands 
C. Sublingual saluvary glands 
D. Submandibular salivary glands
A

Submandibular salivary gland

98
Q

The keratinized papillae of the tongue are:

A

Filiform

99
Q

Three developmental processes must fuse to create the upper lip. They are:
A. Median nasal, lateral nasal, and globular
B. Globular, and the left and right maxillary processes
C. Left and right ,maxillary processes and the 1st Branchial arch
D. Lateral nasal, Globular, and the left and right maxillary process

A

Globular and the left and right maxillary processes

Board Review (6 decks)

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