Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
What terminology is an opening or passage
Foramen
What terminology is a projection or extension
Process
What terminology is a bony depression
Fossa
How many bones does the skull have
22 which may be single or paired
How may cranial and facial bones are in the skull
8 cranial and 14 facial
What foramina does the superior orbital fissure run through
trigeminal nerve (V1), first division (Ophthalmic)
What foramina does the foramen rotundum run through
trigeminal nerve (V2) second division (Maxillary)
What foramina does the foramen ovale run through
trigeminal nerve (V3) third division (mandibular)
Which cranial nerve controls sense of smell
I Olfactory
Which cranial nerve controls sense of sight
II optic
Which cranial nerve controls eye muscle
IV trochlear
Which cranial nerve controls ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions
Trigeminal
which cranial nerve controls muscles of facial expressions, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani), sublingual and submandibular salivary glands (parasympathetic)
VII facial
which cranial nerve controls sense of balance and hearing
VIII Vestibulocochlear
which cranial nerve control taste and sensation for the posterior 1/3 of tongue and parasympathetic innervation of the Parotid Gland
IX Glassopharyngeal
which cranial nerve controls the smooth muscles and Glands of the body, cardiac muscle
X Vagus
which cranial nerve controls the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, Pharynx, and Larynx
XI Accessory
which cranial nerve controls the muscles of the tongue
XII Hypoglossal
What are the 3 major branches of the Trigeminal nerve
V1: Ophthalmic
V2: Maxillary
V3: Mandibular
What are the parts of the Temporomandibular joint
Temporal bone
Mandible
Articular disc
Capsule
Which part of the TMJ is the mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa or articular fossa
Temporal bone
What part is also called the condyle
mandible
This part of the TMJ is a fibrous pad of dense collagen tissue prevents bone to bone contact, divides joint into upper and lower synovial cavities thickest at the posterior, thinner in the center moves with condyle under normal function
Capsule
What is hypomobility from trauma, disease, bruxism
Trismus
Which muscles make up the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid
What carries blood to the heart and what carries blood away from the heart
Veins
Arteries
Three major branches of the external carotid artery
- Maxillary: teeth, muscles of mastication, eat
- Lingual: tongue, floor of mouth
- Facial: muscles of facial expressions, lips, eyelids, soft palate, throat
Veins run with arteries and often have the same name, an exception to this in the head and neck is what
Jugular vein, which runs with the carotid artery
This is found near the pterygoid muscles, maxillary tuberosity, and sphenoid bone. Drains to form the maxillary veins
Pterygoid plexus
structures which drain into the plexus include the teeth, muscles of mastication, buccinators, nose and palate
Pterygoid plexus
This plexus may be pierced through improper angulation of the needle during the administration of a PSA block. Hematoma may develop as a result
Pterygoid plexus
A sinus containing venous blood located on each side of the body of the sphenoid bone, near the base of the brain, behind the bridge of the nose
Cavernous sinus
Fetal pressure on the inferior vena cava could cause what?
Orthostatic hypotension (drop in blood pressure due to a sudden change of posture)
Lymph node groups
Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes
Deep cervical nodes
Which nodes drains fluid from the mandibular incisors, tip of tongue, midline of lip, chin and floor of mouth
Submental nodes
Which nodes drains the submental nodes and remaining teeth
May or may not include 3rd molars
Submandibular
Which nodes drains the submandibular nodes, 3rd molars and the wall of the throat
Deep cervical nodes
infection impact upon nodal sequence
- Primary nodes
- Secondary nodes
- Tertiary nodes
What is the first node affected by a disease process
Primary nodes
What is the next set of nodes affected by a disease process
Secondary nodes
What is the third nodal set affected by a disease process
Tertiary nodes
What are the components of the cell
Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi bodies Mitochondria Lysosomes Filaments and tubules
Which part of the cell is a site of cellular protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Most structures of the oral cavity develop from two embryonic processes
- Frontal process
2. 1st branchial arch
What is the blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery
Which part of the tongue contains taste buds and glands of Von Ebner (minor salivary glands, serous)
Circumvallate
Three major pairs of salivary glands
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
- Parotid gland
What is the function of the Temporalis muscle
Retract and elevate the mandible
What is the function of the master muscle
Elevate the mandible
What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid muscle
Elevate and protrude the mandible
What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Protrude and/or depress the mandible (working with the hyoid muscles) and allow the side to side (lateral) shift of the mandible
What artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta is most effect by
arteriosclerosis
The posterior (1/3) tongue (and hyoid bone) develop from which branchial arches
2nd and 3rd
The upper lip is complete within
six to eight weeks
How is the upper lip formed
Fusion of the median nasal process and right and left maxillary processes
What is the common site for oral cancer?
lateral borders of the tongue
Which part of the tongue is keratinized papillae to protect the tongue, but contains no taste buds
filiform
This salivary gland produces 65% of total saliva and mixed secretion
Submandibular gland
Submandibular gland contains which duct
Wharton’s duct that empties under the tongue
This salivary gland produces 10% of total saliva and has mixed secretion (mostly serous)
Sublingual gland
The sublingual gland contains which duct
Bartholin’s duct and empties under the tongue
This salivary gland produces 25% of total saliva and only serous secretion only
Parotid gland
The parotid gland contains which duct
Stenson’s duct empties opposite the maxillary molars
What is the Hertwig’s Epithrlial Root Sheath (HERS)
Shapes the root! Root lengths is complete at 1 to 4 yrs after eruption
The dental sac surrounds the developing tooth and becomes
Cementum, the PDL and alveolar bone
What is composed of a stratified squamous epithelial layer and a connective tissue lamina propria, separated by a basement membrane.
Oral mucosa
The oral mucosa includes
masticatory, lining, and specialized mucosal tissues
96% mineralized, hardest tissue of the body
Enamel
70% mineralized, tubular structure, forms greatest bulk of tooth
Dentin
50% mineralized (like bone), found on the root surface/
Cementum-thinnest at the cervical portion of the tooth, thickest at the apex
Cementum is nourished by the
periodontal ligaments
This is vital, sensory, responsive portion of the tooth, contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, fibroblast, odontoblasts, histiocytes, pulp stones
Pulp
Suspensatory ligament attaching tooth to alveolar socket and composed of dense collagen and fibroblasts
periodontal ligament
Periodontal ligaments are attached to cementum by
Sharpey’s Fibers
Most often missed mesial coronal and root concavity
Maxillary first premolar
Which premolar most often having two roots
Maxillary first
Which premolar is the hardest for root canal therapy bec the roots are often bifurcation
Maxillary first
Tooth with the longest root
Maxillary canine
Cuspid with occasionally bifurcated root (facial-lingual)
Mandibular
Tooth which most often fails to develop
third molar and maxillary lateral
Non-functional lingual cusp
Mandibular first premolar
Premolar which commonly has three cusp
Mandibular second
Tooth which frequently has a fifth cusp
Mandibular first molar
Maxillary first molar
(Cusp of Carabelli)
Tooth most often affected by microdontia
Maxillary lateral incisor
Tooth most likely to have a root with two canals
Mandibular first molar (mesial root)
Tooth most likely to exhibit lingual caries
Maxillary lateral incisor
Maxillary first molar oblique ridge runs from
distobuccal cusp to messiolingual cusp
Which root of the mandibular first molar is the widest and strongest
Mesial root
Tooth with tendency to have divergent roots
Maxillary first molar
Tooth with the most unique anatomy
Primary first mandibular molar
which tooth frequently manifest dens in dente
Maxillary lateral incisor
Three of the six bones which comprise the orbit include A. Ethmoid, Frontal, parietal B. Ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine C. Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma D. Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine
Ethmoid, sphenoid, zygoma
Four cranial nerves providing innervation to the tongue include: A. V, VI, IX, and X B. V, VI, VII, and IX C. V, VII, IX, and XII D. V, VI, VII, and VIII
V, VII, IX, and XII
The muscles of mastication most responsible for protrusion of the jaw are: A. Masseters B. Temporalis C. Medial Pterygoids D Lateral Pterygoids
Lateral Pterygoids
The articular fossa is provided by what bone? A Parietal B. Occipital C Sphenoid D. Temporal
Temporal
Whartons duct empties the A Glands of Von Ebner B. Parotid salivary glands C. Sublingual saluvary glands D. Submandibular salivary glands
Submandibular salivary gland
The keratinized papillae of the tongue are:
Filiform
Three developmental processes must fuse to create the upper lip. They are:
A. Median nasal, lateral nasal, and globular
B. Globular, and the left and right maxillary processes
C. Left and right ,maxillary processes and the 1st Branchial arch
D. Lateral nasal, Globular, and the left and right maxillary process
Globular and the left and right maxillary processes