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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sic classes of nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins 
Lipids 
vitamins 
mineral 
water
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2
Q

Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It provides source of energy `

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

How much carbohydrates should you consume

A

4 kilocalories/gram

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4
Q

Carbohydrates include

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and complex polysaccharides

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5
Q

Single sugar (simplest carbohydrates)

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

Which monosaccharides is the main fuel for brain and needed for WBCs and RBCs
Most abundant carbohydrate found in nature

A

Glucose (dextrose)

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7
Q

Sweetest of the monosaccharides

A

Fructose (levulose) Fruit sugar

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8
Q

This monosaccharides is compound of milk sugar

body converts glucose to galactose in mammary tissue during lactation

A

Galactose

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9
Q

Double sugars, made up of two monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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10
Q

What is made up of glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose table sugar

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11
Q

Made up of glucose and galactose

A

Lactose (Milk sugar)

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12
Q

Made up of 2 glucose molecules

A

Maltose (plant sugar)

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13
Q

Composed of more than 10 sugar units

A

Polysaccharides (complex)

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14
Q

Plant storage form of glucose (amylose and amylopectin)
Nutritionally most important carbohydrate
Digestible; breaks down at a slow rate

A

Starch

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15
Q

This polysaccharides provides a carbohydrate storage form of energy in animals/humans (glycogenesis)

A

Glycogen

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16
Q

Can be dietary (insoluble) or functional (soluble)

Should consume 25-38 grams/day

A

Fibers

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17
Q 
Initial digestion (chemical) begins in the mouth with enzyme
Breaks down into maltose
A

Polysaccharides (Starch)

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18
Q

Broken down by enzymes

A

Disaccharides

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19
Q

Sucrase breaks down sucrose into

A

glucose and fructose

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20
Q

Lactase breaks down lactose into

A

glucose and galactose

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21
Q

Maltase breaks down maltose into

A

2 molecules of glucose

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22
Q

Two monosaccharides that make up lactose?

A

Glucose and galactose

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23
Q

What is the active ingredient in Splenda

A

Sucralose

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24
Q

If you have phenylketonuria (PKU) what sweetener CANT you use

A

Equal

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25
Q

What gum should you chew after eating something sweet (3-5mins)

A

Xylitol

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26
Q

Active ingredient in Sweet’N Low

A

Saccharin

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27
Q

Active ingredient in NutraSweet and Equal

A

Aspartame

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28
Q

Active ingredient in Sunette and Sweet One

A

Acesulfame-K

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29
Q

Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin or ineffective insulin function. When glucose levels are elevated in the blood and cells, tissue damage will result

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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30
Q

Which type of diabetes is insulin dependent

A

Type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

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31
Q

Which type of diabetes is non-insulin dependent and associated with obesity

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

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32
Q

Signs and Symptoms of diabetes

A

Hyperglycemia
Acetone breath
Ketonemia/ketonuria
Polydipsia/polyuria/ polyphagia

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33
Q

Abnormally high blood glucose concentration

A

Hyperglycemia

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34
Q

Fruity odor on breath (as a result of ketosis)

A

Acetone breath

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35
Q

Ketones in blood/urine

A

Ketonemia/ ketonuria

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36
Q

increased thirst

A

Polydipsia

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37
Q

increased urination

A

Polyuria

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38
Q

increased appetite

A

polyphagia

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39
Q

For a diabetic when should you schedule there appointment

A

early in the day, following breakfast

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40
Q

this is low blood glucose levels (Remember the brain is fueled entirely by glucose) less than 70 mg/dl

A

Hypoglycemia

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41
Q

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

A 
shakiness
dizziness 
sweating 
headaches 
irritability 
hunger 
lightheadedness
Palpitations (not lowered heart rate)
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42
Q

In diet survey what is most important

A

frequency of intake

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43
Q

Organic compounds made up of amino acids.

Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (and sometimes sulfur)

A

Proteins

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44
Q

What is the main function of proteins

A

is to repair/build tissues/cells

45
Q

Body cannot synthesize these amino acids, must be obtain from the diet, they are 9

A

Essential (Indispensable) amino acids

46
Q

These amino acids are synthesized on the liver or derived from the diet, 11 of them

A

Nonessential (dispensable)

47
Q

With proteins where does the digestion begins in what?

48
Q

Inborn error of metabolism

Liver cannot metabolize essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

49
Q

Avoid aspartame (Nutra sweet or Equal)

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

50
Q

organic nutrients needed by the body in small quantities

51
Q

Fat-soluble Vitamins include

A

A,D,E and K

52
Q

Soluble in fats and fat solvents and stored in liver and fatty tissues
Not readily excreted and therefore can build up to toxic levels

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

53
Q

Functions of this Vitamin prevents night blindness

Maintains bone health and immune functions

54
Q

Function of this Vitamin is to absorption of calcium and phosphorus
Bone health and immune function

55
Q

The Nutritional Deficiency and disease of this vitamin is Rickets and Osteomalacia and Enamel Hypoplasia

56
Q

Functions of this Vitamin is antioxidant; stimulates immune response

A

Vitamin E (tocopherol)

57
Q

Function of this Vitamin aids in the formation of blood-clotting factor prothrombin bine health

58
Q

Sources of this Vitamin

A

Green leafy vegetables and canola and soybean oils

59
Q

Deficiencies of Vitamin K is what

A

Hemorrhaging

60
Q

Deficiencies of Vitamin A is

A

Night blindness and stunting of bones

61
Q

Water-soluble Vitamins include

62
Q

easily absorbed and excreted; therefore, unlikely to reach toxic levels

A

Water-soluble Vitamins

63
Q

The main function of water-soluble vitamins include

A

metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and blood formation (hemopoiesis)

64
Q

The function of this vitamin is to coenzyme needed for nerve function and energy metabolism

A

Thiamine (B1)

65
Q

Thiamine is

66
Q

Deficiency and Disease of Thiamine (B1) is

A

Beri Beri- Damages nervous and cardiovascular systems

67
Q

Riboflavin=

68
Q

Function of Riboflavin B2 is

A

prevents cheilosis and glossitis

69
Q

Niacin=

70
Q

Function of Niacin (B3)

A

Coenzyme in energy ,metabolism

71
Q

Deficiency of Niacin (B3) is

A

Pellagra (4Ds Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis (rough, painful skin) death

72
Q

Function of folate (Folacin, Folic Acid)

A

Assists of forming DNA and RNA and RBC formation

73
Q

Deficiency of Folate (Folacin, Folic acid) B9

A

Megaloblastic anemia
glossitis
diarrhea
birth defects (spina bifada)

74
Q

Which Vitamin is the most common deficiency in the US

A

Folic Aid, Folacin and Folate

75
Q

Cobalamin or Cyanocobalamin=

76
Q

Functions of B12 is

A

Helps builds tissues, maintains nerve cells and essential for RBC development

77
Q

Which Vitamin is needed for folate metabolism

A

Cobalamin (Cyanocobalamin B12)

78
Q

Deficiency of Vit B12 is

A

found in strict vegetarians; pernicious anemia-weakness, sore tongue, and apathy

79
Q

Vitamin C=

A

Ascorbic acid

80
Q

Functions of Vitamin C is

A

Promotes synthesis of proteins collagen (connective tissue); antioxidant

81
Q

Deficiency of Vit C is

A

Scurvy; swollen and bleeding gingiva; delayed wound healing and loosening of teeth

82
Q

what is scurvy

A

ruptured blood vessels

83
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium ( all cells need calcium)

84
Q

Functions of Calcium are

A

Forms and maintains bones and teeth

Coagulates blood

85
Q

Deficiency of Calcium

A

Rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis

86
Q

Which Vitamin helps absorb calcium

87
Q

This contributes the high blood pressure which can lead to heart disease and stroke; hypertension is not cause by this

88
Q

self-starvation due to a distorted body image, fear of gaining weight

A

Anorexia nervosa

89
Q

Episodes of binge eating followed by purging (vomiting, use of laxatives and purgatives or diuretic abuse) to prevent weight gain

90
Q

What are oral manifestation of Bulimia

A 
Dental erosion 
Restorative erosion 
Thermal sensitivity of teeth 
Enlarged parotid glands 
Cheilosis 
Pharyngeal tears and erythema of the palate, pharynx, and posterior tongue
91
Q

What type of fluoride should be used with bulimia

A 
sodium fluoride rinses 
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
92
Q 
Glucose of also known as? 
A. Maltose 
B. levulose 
C. glycogen 
D. Dextrose
93
Q

Another name for maltose is

A

Disaccharide

94
Q

Another name for levulose is

95
Q

Another name for glycogen is

A

Carbohydrates

96
Q 
Sucrose is hydrolyzed into:
A glucose and fructose
B. Glucose and galactose 
C. Two molecules of glucose 
D. Two molecules of fructose
A

Glucose and fructose

97
Q 
Each of the following is a sign and symptom of disbetes EXCEPT one
A Ketonemia
B Acetone breath 
C Hyperglycemia 
D Decreased Appetite
A

Decreased appetite

Increased is the answer

98
Q 
Good examples of complete protein include?
A. Meat, fruit, and fish 
B. meat eggs, and cheese 
C. meat fruit, vegetables 
D. grains, fruit, and vegetables
A

meat, eggs and cheese

99
Q 
Aspartame should NOT be consumed by individuals with:
A. diabetes
B. marasmus 
C. phenylketonuria 
D. high blood pressure
A

Phyenylketonuria PKU

100
Q 
Which fatty acids maintain serum cholesterol levels? 
A. Saturated 
B. Derived lipid 
C. Polyunsaturated 
D. Monounsaturated
A

Monounsaturated

101
Q

Linoleic fatty acid is also known as Omega-3 . Source of linoleic fatty acid include mackerel and salmon

A

both are false
Linoleic fatty acid is known as Omega-6
and sources include vegetable oils

102
Q 
Which vitamin can interfere with the function of vitamin K?
A B1
B C
C. D
D. E
103
Q 
Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus? 
A. E
B. A
C. D
D. B3
104
Q 
Which is NOT a component of Vit B complex 
A. Thiamine 
B Folic acid 
C. Ascorbic Acid 
D. Pantothenic acid
A

Ascorbic acid

105
Q 
Which vitamin promotes the synthesis of collagen 
A. D
B. A
C. C 
D. K
106
Q

What are the monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

107
Q

What are the disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

108
Q

What are the Polysaccharides

A

Starch
Glycogen
Fibers

Board Review (6 decks)

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