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DH board review > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

A function of the amount of a drug to produce an effect is called?

A

potency

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2
Q

The maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by drug regardless of dose is called?

A

Efficacy

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3
Q

Orally delivered drugs must pass through which portal first?

A

hepatic portal circulation

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4
Q

Which route of drug administration provides a sustained effect?

A

intramuscular

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5
Q

The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates in the body and leaves the body is called?

A

pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

The transfer of a drug from the site of administration to the blood stream is called?

A

absorption

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7
Q

Which organ is most important for absorption of oral drugs?

A

small intestine

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8
Q

The process by which a drug leaves the blood stream and enters the body systems is called?

A

distribution

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9
Q

The breaking down of a drug for its removal from the body is called?

A

Metabolism

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10
Q

Name the schedule of controlled substances that has the highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use.

A

Schedule I

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11
Q

Give an example of a Schedule I drug

A

heroin and LSD

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12
Q

Which controlled substance schedule has high abuse potential, written prescription with signature only, no refills?

A

Schedule II

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13
Q

Morphine codeine alone, amphetamines, oxycodone and vicodin are examples of which controlled substance schedule?

A

Schedule II

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14
Q

Which controlled substance drug schedule has a moderate abuse potential, may be phoned in, five Rx in 6 months?

A

Schedule III

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15
Q

Tylenol #3 is an example of which drug schedule?

A

Schedule III

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16
Q

Which controlled substance drug schedule has a lower abuse potential, may phone in, five Rx in 6 months?

A

Schedule IV

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17
Q

Valium (diazepam) and Darvon are examples of which controlled substance schedule?

A

Schedule IV

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18
Q

Which controlled substance drug schedule has the lowest abuse potential, some may be available OTC?
Ex. codeine-containing cough medications

A

Schedule V

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19
Q

A dose related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic action is known as?

A

side effect

20
Q

What occurs when the desired effect is excessive?

A

toxic effect

21
Q

An abnormal drug response that is usually genetically determined is called?

A

Idiosyncrasy

22
Q

A causal relationship between the drug use of a mother and congenital abnormalities is called?

A

teratogenic effect

23
Q

List 4 examples of adrenergic-blocking drugs

A
  1. Inderal (propranolol)
  2. Tenormin (atenolol)
  3. Lopressor (metoprolol)
  4. Timoptic (timolol)
24
Q

Which drugs are used to treat cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, angina pectoris, glaucoma, myocardial infarction; may block alpha, beta-1 or beta-2 adrenergic receptors?

A

adrenergic-blocking drugs

25
Q

Which cholinergic drug is used to increase saliva flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and to treat glaucoma?

A

Pilocarpine

26
Q

Which anticholinergic drug is used to decrease saliva flow for dental procedures?

A

atropine

27
Q

A nonopiod, mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is which drug?

A

Aspirin and ibuprofen

28
Q

Which drug is the analgesic drug of choice for post-operative pain after periodontal treatment?

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

29
Q

Which opiod antagonist reverses the effects of opiod drugs and is used to treat opioid overdose (heroin)?

A

Narcan (naloxone)

30
Q

When a combination of two antibiotics produces GREATER effect than would be expected if their individual actions were added is known as?

A

Synergism

31
Q

When a combination of two antibiotics produce LESS effect than either agent alone is known as?

A

Antagonism

32
Q

Which drug is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in dentistry; bactericidal = destroys the bacterial cell wall; and is safe for pregnant patients?

A

Penicillin

33
Q

Which antibiotic is the most likely to produce an anaphylactic allergic reaction?

A

Penicillin

34
Q

List the 4 drugs used to treat tuberculosis

A
  1. Rifampin
  2. Isoniazid
  3. Pyrazinamide
  4. Ethambutol
35
Q

Which antibiotic is the first alternative for premedication if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin; use is limited due to rare adverse reaction called pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clindamycin

36
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat anaerobic infections, tx of periodontal infections and ANUG?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

37
Q

What 3 medications inhibit viral DNA synthesis in the treatment of oral herpes?

A
  1. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
  2. Penciclovir (Denavir)
  3. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
38
Q

List 3 drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS

A
  1. Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
  2. Didanosine (Videx, ddI)
  3. Zalcitabine (ddC)
39
Q

Which drugs are used for short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

A

Benzodiazepines

40
Q

List 3 examples of benzodiazepines

A
  1. diazepam (valium)
  2. lorazepam (ativan)
  3. alprazolam (xanax)
41
Q

Which drug increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin?

A

metformin (glucophage)

42
Q

Which drug stimulates the release of insulin from the b-cells of the pancreas?

A

Glyburide (micronase, diabeta)

43
Q

Which drugs inhibit gastric acid secretion and are used to treat gastric ulcers and GERD? ex. priolosec and prevacid

A

proton pump inhibitors

44
Q

Which drugs are the main family of drugs to treat CHF? They increase the force and strength of heart contraction

A

Cardiac glycosides

45
Q

digitalis and lanoxin (digoxin) are two examples of what family of drugs?

A

Cardiac glycosides

46
Q

what does the abbreviation hs mean?

A

at bedtime

47
Q

Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally administered medications?

A

Small intestine

DH board review (11 decks)

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