Pharmacology Flashcards
A function of the amount of a drug to produce an effect is called?
potency
The maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by drug regardless of dose is called?
Efficacy
Orally delivered drugs must pass through which portal first?
hepatic portal circulation
Which route of drug administration provides a sustained effect?
intramuscular
The study of how a drug enters the body, circulates in the body and leaves the body is called?
pharmacokinetics
The transfer of a drug from the site of administration to the blood stream is called?
absorption
Which organ is most important for absorption of oral drugs?
small intestine
The process by which a drug leaves the blood stream and enters the body systems is called?
distribution
The breaking down of a drug for its removal from the body is called?
Metabolism
Name the schedule of controlled substances that has the highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use.
Schedule I
Give an example of a Schedule I drug
heroin and LSD
Which controlled substance schedule has high abuse potential, written prescription with signature only, no refills?
Schedule II
Morphine codeine alone, amphetamines, oxycodone and vicodin are examples of which controlled substance schedule?
Schedule II
Which controlled substance drug schedule has a moderate abuse potential, may be phoned in, five Rx in 6 months?
Schedule III
Tylenol #3 is an example of which drug schedule?
Schedule III
Which controlled substance drug schedule has a lower abuse potential, may phone in, five Rx in 6 months?
Schedule IV
Valium (diazepam) and Darvon are examples of which controlled substance schedule?
Schedule IV
Which controlled substance drug schedule has the lowest abuse potential, some may be available OTC?
Ex. codeine-containing cough medications
Schedule V
A dose related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic action is known as?
side effect
What occurs when the desired effect is excessive?
toxic effect
An abnormal drug response that is usually genetically determined is called?
Idiosyncrasy
A causal relationship between the drug use of a mother and congenital abnormalities is called?
teratogenic effect
List 4 examples of adrenergic-blocking drugs
- Inderal (propranolol)
- Tenormin (atenolol)
- Lopressor (metoprolol)
- Timoptic (timolol)
Which drugs are used to treat cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, angina pectoris, glaucoma, myocardial infarction; may block alpha, beta-1 or beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
adrenergic-blocking drugs
Which cholinergic drug is used to increase saliva flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome and to treat glaucoma?
Pilocarpine
Which anticholinergic drug is used to decrease saliva flow for dental procedures?
atropine
A nonopiod, mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is which drug?
Aspirin and ibuprofen
Which drug is the analgesic drug of choice for post-operative pain after periodontal treatment?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Which opiod antagonist reverses the effects of opiod drugs and is used to treat opioid overdose (heroin)?
Narcan (naloxone)
When a combination of two antibiotics produces GREATER effect than would be expected if their individual actions were added is known as?
Synergism
When a combination of two antibiotics produce LESS effect than either agent alone is known as?
Antagonism
Which drug is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in dentistry; bactericidal = destroys the bacterial cell wall; and is safe for pregnant patients?
Penicillin
Which antibiotic is the most likely to produce an anaphylactic allergic reaction?
Penicillin
List the 4 drugs used to treat tuberculosis
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
Which antibiotic is the first alternative for premedication if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin; use is limited due to rare adverse reaction called pseudomembranous colitis?
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic is used to treat anaerobic infections, tx of periodontal infections and ANUG?
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
What 3 medications inhibit viral DNA synthesis in the treatment of oral herpes?
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Penciclovir (Denavir)
- Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
List 3 drugs used to treat HIV/AIDS
- Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
- Didanosine (Videx, ddI)
- Zalcitabine (ddC)
Which drugs are used for short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia?
Benzodiazepines
List 3 examples of benzodiazepines
- diazepam (valium)
- lorazepam (ativan)
- alprazolam (xanax)
Which drug increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin?
metformin (glucophage)
Which drug stimulates the release of insulin from the b-cells of the pancreas?
Glyburide (micronase, diabeta)
Which drugs inhibit gastric acid secretion and are used to treat gastric ulcers and GERD? ex. priolosec and prevacid
proton pump inhibitors
Which drugs are the main family of drugs to treat CHF? They increase the force and strength of heart contraction
Cardiac glycosides
digitalis and lanoxin (digoxin) are two examples of what family of drugs?
Cardiac glycosides
what does the abbreviation hs mean?
at bedtime
Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally administered medications?
Small intestine
