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DH board review > Micro and Immunology > Flashcards

Micro and Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative stains which color?

A

Red

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2
Q

Different gram stains are a result of differences in what?

A

Cell walls

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3
Q

A gram positive cell wall contains what?

A

Teichoic acid

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4
Q

A gram negative cell wall contains what?

A

Murein lipoprotein

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5
Q

In order for most non-mobile microorganisms to invade tissue, the bacteria need to be able to make a specific enzyme known as ___________ which is necessary for invading tissue during spread of infection.

A

Hyaluronidase

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6
Q

All streptococcus are ________________ negative.

A

Catalase

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7
Q

Which group of strep completely lyse RBC’s?

A

Beta-hemolytic

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8
Q

Which group of strep partially lyse RBC’s?

A

Alpha-hemolytic

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9
Q

Which group of strep are unable to lyse RBC’s?

A

Gamma-hemolytic

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10
Q

The hemolytic ability of beta strep is due to production of?

A

Hemolysins

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11
Q

Beta strep is arranged in groups of A-U known as?

A

Lancefield groups

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12
Q

An inflammatory disease that may develop after an infection with strep bacteria (I.e. Strep throat or scarlet fever) and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain is called?

A

Rheumatic fever

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13
Q

The causative organism for scarlet fever and rheumatic fever is?

A

Streptococcus

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14
Q

Gram positive stains which color?

A

Blue

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15
Q

which group of Streptococcus is the normal inhabitant of the nasopharynx and gingival crevices?

A

viridans group

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16
Q

Is strep mutans associated with periodontal disease?

A

no

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17
Q

List the 3 most common viridans organisms

A
  1. S. mutans 2. S. sobrinus 3. S. salivarius
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18
Q

which common strep viridan is associated with the tongue?

A

S. salivarius

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19
Q

Which GROUP of Streptococcus is among the most common aerobic organism implicated in facial cellulitis?

A

viridans

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20
Q

What is the causative organism for anthrax and food poisoning?

A

Bacillus

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21
Q

What is the causative agent for tetanus, botulism, gangrene, food poisoning, and antibiotic resistant pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Clostridium

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22
Q

What is the causative agent for diptheria?

A

Corynebacterium

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23
Q

Name the causative agent for meningitis and sepsis?

A

Listeria

24
Q

Name the causative agent for syphilis, teponemtosies, Lyme disease and leptosporosis? (Found in association with NUP/NUG.)

A

Spirochetes

25
Q

What is associated with advanced carious lesions deep in enamel and are aciduric?

A

Lactobacillus

26
Q

List the 3 enzymes that bacteria posses to break down oxygen products:

A
  1. Catalase
  2. Peroxidase
  3. Superoxide dismutase
27
Q

Which enzyme(s) breaks down hydrogen peroxide?

A

catalase and peroxidase

28
Q

which enzyme breaks down superoxide radical?

A

Superoxide dismutase

29
Q

List 4 examples of obligate aerobes

A
  1. Neisseria
  2. Pseudomonas
  3. Legionella
  4. Mycobacterium
30
Q

Name the bacterial category that is aerobic, uses oxygen and can grow in the absence of oxygen by using fermentation.

A

Facultative anaerobes

31
Q

List 3 examples of facultative anaerobes

A
  1. Staphylococcus
  2. Listeria
  3. Actinomyces
32
Q

Which category of bacteria are known as “aeorotolerant anaerobes”?

A

Microaerophilic bacteria

33
Q

Which category of bacteria hate oxygen?

A

obligate anaerobes

34
Q

List 2 examples of obligate anaerobes

A
  1. Prevotella

2. Porphyromonas gingivalis

35
Q

Which microbe is most often associated with hormonal (pregnancy) gingivitis, facial cellulitis and NUP/NUG?

A

Prevotella

36
Q

Which microbe produces collagenase?

A

porphyromonas gingivalis

37
Q

What is used topically to treat oral candidiasis?

A

Nystatin

38
Q

What is used systematically to treat oral candidiasis?

A

Fluconazole

39
Q

which virus is the causative organism for Epstein-Barr virus?

A

herpes virus

40
Q

Which virus is the causative organism for infectious mononucleosis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

41
Q

which virus is the causative organism for herpangina?

A

Coxsackie virus

42
Q

Which cells are associated with Cell-mediated immunity?

A

T-cells

43
Q

Which cells are associated with antibody-mediated or Humoral immunity?

A

B-cells

44
Q

Which cells regulate antibody production?

A

T-cells

45
Q

Which cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies?

A

B-cells

46
Q

which cells are antigen presenting cells?

A

B-cells

47
Q

Which cells are responsible for transporting and processing antigens?

A

Macrophages

48
Q

Which cells kill virus and tumor infected cells?

A

Natural killer cells

49
Q

Which cells are the key regulators of the immune system?

A

Dendritic cells

50
Q

Which imunoglobulin is the only antibody to cross the placenta and is capable of activating the classical antibody complement pathway?

A

IgG

51
Q

Which imunoglobulin is the largest antibody and is most efficient in agglutination (“clumping”)?

A

IgM

52
Q

Which imunoglobulin is the main imunoglobulin in secretions (saliva)?

A

IgA

53
Q

Which imunoglobulin mediates anaphylactic hypersensitivity by binding to mast cells and basophils?

A

IgE

54
Q

List the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions

A
  1. Anaphylactic (Immediate)
  2. Cytotoxic (ex. Rh and transfusion reactions)
  3. Immune Complex (ex. tissue destruction)
  4. Delayed (ex. TB skin test)
55
Q

Movement of cells to the site of inflammation is known as?

A

chemotaxis

56
Q

Name the primary cell in the periodontal ligament?

A

fibroblasts

DH board review (11 decks)

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