Nutrition Flashcards
Name the organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates
What provides the most abundant energy during metabolism?
Carbohydrates
How many kilocalories per gram do carbs yield?
4
List the 3 monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Name the monosaccharide that is the main fuel for brain and needed for RBC’s.
Glucose
What major carb is found in the bloodstream?
Glucose
Name the sweetest monosaccharide
Fructose
Name the component of milk sugar
Galactose
List the 3 disaccharides
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose
Which disaccharide is made up of glucose and fructose and is known as table sugar?
Sucrose
Which disaccharide is made up of glucose and galactose?
Lactose
Which disaccharide is made up of 2 glucose molecules?
Maltose (plant sugar)
List the 3 polysaccharides
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Fibers
What is the plant storage form of glucose (amylase and amylopectin)?
Starch
what is nutritionally the most important carbohydrate?
Starch
What is the animal equivalent of starch?
Glycogen
What provides a food storage system in animals/ humans (glycogenesis)?
Glycogen
What in the liver regulates blood sugar for the brain?
Glycogen
How much fiber should you consume in a day?
20-35 grams
What is the main function of carbs?
to build tissue and replace cells
Nutritive sweeteners; carbohydrate-like, sugar-like compounds that provide calories; do not promote tooth decay because they metabolize at a slower rate are called?
Sugar Alcohols
List the 3 sugar alcohols
- Sorbitol
- Mannitol
- Xylitol
Nonnutritive sweeteners; non-carbohydrate and non-caloric; are called?
Artificial sweeteners
List the 5 artificial sweeteners
- Saccharin
- Aspartame
- Acesulfame-K
- Sucralose
- Neotame
What is the active ingredient in Sweet’N Low?
Saccharin
What is the active ingredient in NutraSweet and Equal?
Aspartame
Which artificial sweetener must carry PKU warning?
Aspartame
What is the active ingredient in Sunette and Sweet One?
Acesulfame-K
What is the active ingredient in Splenda?
Sucralose
An abnormally high blood glucose concentration is called/
Hyperglycemia
fruity odor on breath (as a result of ketosis) is called?
acetone breath
Shakiness, dizziness, sweating, headaches, irritability, hunger, lightheadedness, and palpitations are symptoms of ?
hypoglycemia
Organic compounds made up of amino acids are called?
Proteins
Name the 5 elements that make up proteins
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Sometimes sulfur
What is the main function of proteins?
to repair/build tissues/cells
An inborn error of metabolism where the liver cannot metabolize essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine is called?
phenylketonuria (PKU)
to waste away (a chronic condition) is called?
Marasmus
A severe protein deficiency that begins at approximately 18 months to 2 years of age is called?
Kwashiorkor
Which fatty acid carrys the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and remains solid a room temp?
saturated fatty acids
Which fatty acids contain a point of unsaturated linkage with no hydrogen atoms and is viscous in form?
monounsaturated fatty acids
which fatty acids contain two or more points of unsaturation and are liquid in consistency?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
give an example of linoleic fatty acid?
Omega-6 veg oil, such as sunflower and safflower
give an example of linolenic fatty acid?
Omega-3, fish, canola oil and peanut oil
List the 4 fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K
where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
liver and fatty tissues
Which vitamin prevents night blindness and maintains normal mucous membranes?
vitamin A
Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant and interferes with blood coagulation?
Vitamin E
Which vitamin functions in aiding the formation of blood clotting factor prothrombin and helps increase bone density?
Vitamin K
List the 2 water soluble vitamins
B and C
Which vitamin functions to help provide energy to the brain, heart and CNS?
Thiamine (B1)
Which vitamin functions essential for growth and production of RBC’s; prevents cheilosis and glossitis and anemia?
Riboflavin (B2)
Which vitamin is needed for RNA and DNA synthesis and its nutritional deficiency and disease is pellagra (dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis and death)?
Niacin (B3)
Which vitamin promotes synthesis of protein collagen; acts as an antioxidant?
Vitamin C
