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Dermatology > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Treatment of warts

A

Topical keratolytic agents - salicylic acid, liquid nitrogen

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2
Q

Larger Km =

A

Better drug enters skin

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3
Q

Best type of drug for absorption

A

Lipophilic drug in hydrophilic base

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4
Q

What can enhance absorption of a drug?

A 
Excipient = increase solubility
Choose correct vehicle
Cling film (but no cover over steroids)
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5
Q

Glucocorticoids signal via ________ receptors

A

Nuclear

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6
Q

Where is steroid receptor?

A

In cytoplasm = has to move to nucleus = binds to SREs = transcription of specific genes

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7
Q

Creams

A

Semisolid emulsion of oil in water
Contain emulsifier and preservative
Non greasy, cool and moisturise

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8
Q

Ointments

A

Semisolid grease/oil
No preservative
Occlusive (restrict water loss) and emollient
Greasy

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9
Q

Lotion

A

Liquid
Suspension of solution in water/alcohol
May sting
For scalp/hair

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10
Q

Gel

A

Thickened aqueous solution
Semi-solid with high molecular weight polymer
Scalp/hair/face

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11
Q

Paste

A

Semisolid, finely powdered
Stiff, difficult to apply, messy, greasy
Protective, occlusive, hydrating
Leg ulcers

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12
Q

Emollients

A

Enhance rehydration
Scaly conditions - eczema/psoriasis
Frequent application
Soap substitutes

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13
Q

How much emollient to prescribe

A

300-500g weekly

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14
Q

Wet wraps

A

For xerotic skin (very dry)

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15
Q

Actions of corticosteroids

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-proliferative

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16
Q

What order do you prescribe steroid creams?

A

Dermovate 0.05%
Betnovate 0.1%
Eumovate 0.05%
Hydrocortisone 1%

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17
Q

What makes cold sores worse?

A

Steroids

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18
Q

1 fignertip unit

A

0.5g (covers 2 hand areas)

Whole body = 20-30g

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19
Q

Side effects of topical steroids

A 
Skin thinning
Stretch marks
Purpura
Telangiectasia
Perioral dermatitis
Rosacea
Infections
Rebound flare
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20
Q

Antiseptics

A

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic

Used for infections, wound irrigation

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21
Q

Examples of antiseptics

A 
Povidone iodine
Chlorhexidine
Potassium permanganate (weeping skin, pink)
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22
Q

Topical antibiotics for acne

A

Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline

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23
Q

Topical antibiotics for rosacea

A

Metronidazole

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24
Q

Topical antibiotics for impetigo

A

Fucidic acid

25
Q

Treatment for candida

A

Nystatin

Clotrimazole

26
Q

Treatment for dermatophytes (ringworm)

A

Clotrimazole

Terbinafine

27
Q

Treatmetn for psityriasis versicolour (hypopig, yeast)

A

Ketoconazole

28
Q

Antipruritics

A

Menthol (add to lotion, kidney/liver failure)
Capsaicin (depletes substance P, post shingles)
Camphor/phenol (pruritis ani)

29
Q

Keratolytics

A

Viral warts, eczema, psoriasis, corns, calluses
Salicylic acid
Liquid nitrogen
Silver nitrate

30
Q

Topical psoriasis treatments

A 
Coal tar
Vit D analogue
Keratolytic
Topical steroid
Dithranol
31
Q

Treatment of stable chronic plaque psoriasis

A

Coal tar
Vit D analogues
Dithranol

32
Q

Side effects of dithranol

A

Irritant/burning on non affected areas

Stains normal skin

33
Q

Treatment for scalp psoriasis

A

Ointment
Tar shampoo
Steroids
Vit D analogues

34
Q

Treatment for psoriasis in genitals and axillae

A

Topical steroids

Antibacterial/antifungal

35
Q

Imiquimod

A

Viral genital warts, verrucae
BCC
Bowen’s
(anti-viral, anti-tumour)

36
Q

Calcineurin inhibitors

A

Suppress lymphocyte activation

Treats ectopic eczema

37
Q

Example of calcineurin inhibitor

A

Tacrolimus

38
Q

Side effects of calcineurin inhibitor

A

Burning sensation
Cutaneous infection
Skin cancer

39
Q

Type I skin reaction

A

Anaphylaxis

Urticaria

40
Q

Type II skin reaction

A

Pemphigus

Pemphigoid

41
Q

Type III skin reaction

A

Purpura

Rash

42
Q

Type IV skin reaction

A

Erythema

Rash

43
Q

Risk factors for drug eruptions

A 
Infants, elderly
Females
Genetics
Viral infection
Previous reaction
44
Q

Exanthematous drug reaction

A 
Most common
Type IV T cell mediated delayed
Symmetrical maculopapular rash
Itch, fever
Mucus membranes spared
4-21 days after taking drug
45
Q

Indicators of severe allergic reaction

A 
Mucus membranes
Facial oedema and erythema
Widespread confluent
Fever
Blisters, purpura, necrosis
Arthralgia
Lymphaden
SOB/wheeze
46
Q

Urticarial reaction

A 
IgE mediated (type I) after rechallenge OR
Direct release of inflammatory mediators on first exposure
47
Q

Acne as reaction

A

Steroids
Androgens
(type III)

48
Q

AGEP

A

Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis
Type III - vesicular/bullous
Antibiotics, CCBs, antimalarials

49
Q

Drug induced bullous pemphigoid

A

Elderly
Type III
ACEI, penicillin, furosemide

50
Q

Fixed drug eruptions

A

Well demarcated
Erhythematous/purpura, red, pain, plaques, vesicles
Hands, genitals, lips, oral mucosa
Resolves with persistent pigmentation

51
Q

TEN

A

Skin sloughs off

Hypovolaemia, hypothermia, systemically unwell

52
Q

SJS

A

Form of TEN

Affects mucosa

53
Q

DRESS

A

Drug reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Facial oedema, fever over 40

54
Q

UV light acts on

A

Chromophore

55
Q

Skin testing NOT indicated for:

A

Serum sickness reaction (type III)

T cell mediated (type IV)

56
Q

Management of drug reaction

A

Stop drug
Topical steroids
Antihistamines
Allergy bracelets

57
Q

reversible steroid effects

A 
Acne
Perioral dermatitis (acne)
Rosacea
Decrease in response
Pigment changes
Poor wound healing
Infection
58
Q

Irreversible steroid effects

A 
Striae
Atrophy
Bruising
Glaucoma, cataract
Poor wound healing
Hirsutism

Dermatology (10 decks)

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