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Dermatology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Virulence

A

Capacity of a microbe to cause damage to host

Ability to cause disease

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2
Q

Virulence factors

A 
Adhesin - helps to stick
Invasin - helps to invade
Impedin - helps overcome defences
Aggressin - direct damage to host
Modulin - indirect damage to host
Capsule
Coagulase
PVL
Enterotoxin
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3
Q

Abscesses join to form:

A

Carbuncle

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4
Q

Where does S. aureus colonise?

A

Nares and perineum

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5
Q

PVL

A

Toxic to leukocytes

Severe skin infection (necrotising fasciitis/pneumonia)

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6
Q

Necrotising pneumonia

A

Flu-like
Necrotising haemorrhagic pneumonia = ARDS
Hypoxaemia and MOF
Due to PVL

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7
Q

TSST-1

A

Staph food poisoning (enterotoxin)
Fever, D+V, sore throat, muscle pain
48 hours

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8
Q

Superantigens

A

Activate 1 in 5 T cells = massive release of cytokines

TSST-1

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9
Q

TSS features

A

Fever over 39
Diffuse macular rash and desquamation
Hypotension less than 90
Over 3 organ systems involved

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10
Q

How to classify GAS

A

Lancefield

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11
Q

Skin infections caused by GAS

A

Impetigo - corneum
Cellulitis (erysipelas = fever, rigors, nausea, face) - dermis
Necrotising fasciitis
TSLS - exotoxins

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12
Q

Staph saphrophyticus

A

UTI in women childbearing age

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13
Q

Ringworm

A

Dermatophyte infection - fungal
Tinea (capitis, corporis, manuum)
Trichyphyton rubrum

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14
Q

Diagnosis of dermatophyte infections

A

Wood’s light

Skin scraping - dermapak for microscopy and culture

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15
Q

Dermatophyte treatment

A

Clotrimazole - canesten

Itravonazole/Terbinafine for scalp

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16
Q

Diagnosis of candida

A

Swab for culture

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17
Q

Treatment of candida

A

Clotrimazole cream

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18
Q

Sarcoptes scabeii

A

Scabies

Intesnely itchy rash finger webs, wrists, genitals

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19
Q

Norwegian scabies

A

Crusted form of scabies, highly infectious

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20
Q

treatment of scabies

A 
Malathion lotion
Benzyl benzoate (NOT in kids)
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21
Q

Lice

A

Pediculosis (capitis, corporis)

Intense itch

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22
Q

Treatment of lice

A

Malathion

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23
Q

Patients who need single room contact precautions

A

GAS
MRSA
Norwegian scabies

24
Q

Post herpetic neuralgia

A

Pain persists after shingles

25
Q

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

A

Reactivation of herpes zoster in geniculate ganglion
Vesicles and pain in auditory canal and throat
Facial palsy
Deafness, vertigo, tinnitus

26
Q

Vaccination for shingles

A

In 70 or 79 year olds

27
Q

Primary gingivostomatitis

A

Herpes simplex
Pre-school kids
Ulcers around mouth, lasts 1 week

28
Q

Cold sores

A

Recurrence of herpes simplex at vermilion border

29
Q

Eczema herpeticum

A

Life threatening

Punched out lesions

30
Q

HSV1

A

Oral lesions, some genital lesions

Encephalitis

31
Q

HSV2

A

Some genital lesions

Encephalitis

32
Q

Viral swab

A

Red top

33
Q

Antibody tests

A

Yellow top

34
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Target lesions with erythema

Drug reaction, herpes simplex, pneumonia

35
Q

Molloscum contagiosum

A

Pearly nodules, central punctum
Kids or STI
Tx; self limiting, liquid nitrogen

36
Q

Warts/verrucas

A

HPV 1-4

Genital warts HPV 6 and 11

37
Q

Treatment of wars/verrucas

A

Salicylic acid

Liquid nitrogen

38
Q

Cervical cancer

A

HPV 16 and 18

39
Q

Genital warts

A

HPV 6 and 11

40
Q

Herpangina

A

Blistering rash back of mouth

Enterovirus (coxsackie, echovirus)

41
Q

HFM disease

A

Kids, family outbreaks

Enterovirus (coxsackie)

42
Q

Erythema infectiosum

A

Viral cause of rash and arthritis

Slapped cheek disease - parvovirus B19

43
Q

Complications of parvovirus B19

A 
Spontaneous abortion
Aplastic anaemia (decreased Hb)
44
Q

Invx of parvovirus B19

A

Antibody testing - yellow top

45
Q

Orf

A

Firm fleshy nodule on farmers hands

Clinical diagnosis

46
Q

Rubella (german measles)

A

Fever, sore throat, arthralgia, rash (blanching), lymphad

Petechial haemorrhages

47
Q

Primary syphilis infection

A

Chancre (painless ulcer at site of entry)

48
Q

Secondary syphilis infection

A

Red rash over body (palms and soles)

Snail track ulcers on mucus memrbanes

49
Q

Tertiary syphilis infection

A

CNS, CVS, gummatous lesions

Treponema pallidum infection

50
Q

Investigation of tertiary syphilis

A

Bloods

Or swab chancre for PCR

51
Q

Treatment of tertiary syphilis

A

Penicillin

52
Q

Lyme disease

A 
Borrelia burgdorferi - ticks
Erythema migrans (early)
Heart block, nerve palsies, arthritis (late)
53
Q

Treatment for lyme disease

A

Doxycycline (adults)

Amoxicillin (kids)

54
Q

Diagnosis of lyme

A

Ab test (yellow top)

55
Q

Measles

A 
Fever, cough, rhinorrhoea, conjunctivitis, lymphad
Koplik spots (white spots buccal mucosa)
Rash starts on head and spreads down

Dermatology (10 decks)

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