Anatomy

Question 1

Fascia of the leg

Answer 1

Crural fascia

Question 2

Branches of popliteal artery

Answer 2

Anterior tibial - dorsalis pedis and arcuate

Posterior tibial - medial and lateral plantar

Question 3

Where do you find brachial pulse?

Answer 3

Medial to biceps brachii

Question 4

Where do you find radial pulse?

Answer 4

Lateral to FCR

Question 5

Where do you find dorsalis pedis pulse?

Answer 5

Lateral to EHL

Question 6

Where does cephalic vein drain to?

Answer 6

Axillary vein

Question 7

Where does basilic vein drain to?

Answer 7

Brachial vein

Question 8

What accompanies brachial artery?

Answer 8

Venae comitantes

Question 9

Where does axillary vein become subclavian vein?

Answer 9

Lateral border rib 1

Question 10

Great saphenous vein drains to:

Answer 10

Femoral vein

Question 11

Small saphenous vein drains to:

Answer 11

Popliteal vein (posterior leg)

Question 12

Skin tension lines

Answer 12

Langer lines

Question 13

Gastrulation

Answer 13

3 germ layers are formed

Question 14

Blaschko’s lines

Answer 14

Developmental growth pattern of skin migration

Question 15

How long does it take skin cell to complete cycle

Answer 15

28 days bottom to top

Question 16

Granular layer

Answer 16

Keratohyalin granules
Lipids
Nuclei lost

Question 17

Function of melanin

Answer 17

Absorbs light

Protective cap over nucleus

Question 18

Vitiligo

Answer 18

Autoimmune disease with loss of melanocytes

Question 19

Nelson’s syndrome

Answer 19

MSH produced in excess by pituitary

Question 20

Langerhans cells

Answer 20

APCs

Prickle cell layer, dermis, nodes

Question 21

Merkel cells

Answer 21

mechanoreceptors

basal

Question 22

Hair growth phases

Answer 22

Anagen - growing
Catagen - involuting
Telogen - resting

Question 23

Alopecia areata

Answer 23

Autoimmune hair loss

Question 24

EBS

Answer 24

Inherited skin fragility condition

Question 25

Pemphigoid

Answer 25

Acquired skin fragility condition

Ab agaisnt protein in DEJ - hemi-desmosomes

Question 26

Port wine stain

Answer 26

Localised overthrowth of BVs

Angioma

Question 27

Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 27

Deep pressure

Question 28

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 28

Vibration, light touch

Question 29

NF

Answer 29

Inherited overgrowth of nerve endings

Question 30

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 30

Hands, arms, armpits, sweat

Symp supply

Question 31

Apocrine glands

Answer 31

axillae, groin

Puberty = odour, androgen dependent

Question 32

Sebaceous glands

Answer 32

Pilosebaceous unit - produce sebum
Overactive in acne
Lobules

Question 33

Side effect of statins

Answer 33

Dry skin

Question 34

Vit D is needed for:

Answer 34

Bone and muscle metabolism
Ca absorption from bowel
Mineralisation of bone

Question 35

How is Vit D made?

Answer 35

Light
Liver converts D3 to hydroxycholecalciferol (25 hydroxyvitamin D)
Kidney converts to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form)

Question 36

Where is T4 converted to T3?

Answer 36

Skin

Thyroid

Question 37

5 layers of the scalp

Answer 37

Skin
CT
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Periosteum

Question 38

3 stages of wound healing

Answer 38

Inflammation - platelets, phagocytosis
Proliferation - re-epithelialise, granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibroplasia
Tissue remodelling - collagen, scar tissue

Question 39

Primary intention healing

Answer 39

Wound closed by approximating edges

Question 40

Secondary intention healing

Answer 40

Left to heal on its own

Question 41

First degree burn

Answer 41

Epidermis

Question 42

Second degree burn

Answer 42

Epidermis and dermis

Question 43

Third degree burn

Answer 43

Beyond dermis

Question 44

Where are Langerhans cells formed?

Answer 44

Bone marrow

Question 45

Where are Odland bodies?

Answer 45

Granular layer