Pharmacology Flashcards
Midazolam
short acting benzodiazepine - works in CNS to cause sleepiness, muscle relaxation and short term memory loss
Used to reduce anxiety or produce drowsiness or anaesthesia in some patients
What reverses benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
What are the side effects of reversal of benzos?
Seizures
Midazolam uses
anxiolytic, amnaestic properties, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, pre-anaesthetic medication, adjunct to local anaesthesia
Midazolam - pharmacology
Short acting benzodiazapine CNS depressant. Effects results from reversible interactions with GABA-A receptor. Increases the activity of GABA producing a calming effect, relaxation of skeletal muscles and inducing sleep
GABA
gamma - amino butyric acid
One of the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain. Benzos increase the activity of GABA in the CNS
Side effects of midazolam
Apnoea & brachypnoea, resp depression
Variable BP
Reversal - flumazenil
Pethidine (Demerol)
Narcotic analgaesic that is a kappa-opioid receptor agonist. Used with acute pancreatitis and biliary pathology as morphine may cause sphincter of Oddi spasm/constriction
Pethidine - side effects
respiratory depression, hypotension, itching, brachycardia, nausea
Pethidine reversal
Naloxone - half life is 0.5 to 1.5 hours (may need to redose if narcotic half life is longer)
Traztuzumab
aka Herceptin
monoclonal antibody which specifically targets HER2 receptor and inhibits intracellular signalling and gene transcription
Tamoxifen
hormonal therapy most appropriately used for ER positive breast cancers.
Oestrodial binds oestrogen receptors thus activating it and allowing oestrogen to cause transcription. Tamoxifen is a structural analogue which binds to the receptor and prevents gene transcription by oestrogen
Tamoxifen - competitive antagonist (?)
