Anatomy Flashcards
Contents of Inguinal Canal
Spermatic cord / round ligament + ilioinguinal nerve
Contents of spermatic cord
3 arteries: testicular artery, cremasteric artery, artery to vas deferens
3 fascia: external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia
3 others: pampiniform plexus, vas deferens, testicular lymphatics
3 nerves: genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1/L2), sympathetic & visceral afferent nerves, ilioinguinal nerve (technically is not in the spermatic cord but runs in the inguinal canal)
Ilioinguinal nerve
Passes through the superficial ring to descend into the scrotum but does not formally travel along the inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle
Mid-point of inguinal ligament
Half way between the ASIS and pubic tubercle. The deep/internal ring is located just superior to the point.
Mid inguinal point
Half way between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis and is the point where the femoral artery passes into the lower ring - femoral pulse
Borders of inguinal canal
MALT (2M,2A,2L,2T)
Superior border, 2 muscles: internal oblique,transverse abdominus
Anterior, 2 aponeurosis: aponeurosis of external oblique, aponeurosis of internal oblique
Lower wall/inferior, 2 ligaments: inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament
Posterior wall, 2Ts: transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon
Conjoint tendon
Medial fibres of internal oblique aponeurosis with deeper fibres of transverse abdominus aponeurosis. Tendon moves inferiority & attaches to pubic crest & pectin pubis.
Bogros’ space aka retroinguinal space
extraperitoneal space deep to the inguinal ligament. Limited by the transversalis fascia anteriorly, the peritoneum posterioaly and iliac fascia laterally. Medial compartment contains vasculature including femoral artery and vein, lateral compartment allows for passage of the illiopsoas (& hence attachment to the femur) and femoral nerve.
Pancreas anatomy ??
Retroperitoneal, on posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach, across the lumbar spine (L1-2)
Head lies in duodenal C loop in front of ICS (???) and left renal vein.
Neck lies in front of SMV (superior mesenteric vein), splenic vein and portal vein junction
Body & tail are in front of aorta and left kidney
Narrow tip of tail reaches spenic hilum
Femoral triangle - borders
Borders:
Superiorly - inguinal ligament (ASIS to p. tubercle)
Laterally - sartorius (medial border)
Medially - adductor longus (medial border)
Floor - adductor longus
Roof, anteriorly - fascia lata
Base, posteriorly - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
Femoral triangle - contents
NAVEL
femoral nerve (anterior compartment and sensory branches for leg and foot)
femoral artery (supply to lower limb)
femoral vein (drains great saphenous)
empty space
lymph canal (femoral canal - lymph nodes and vessels)
Femoral sheath contains nerve, artery, vein and canal
Anterior triangle of the neck
Superior border - mandible (inferior border)
Medial border - mid-line of the neck
Lateral border - sternal head of sternocleidomastoid / medial border of SCM
Posterior triangle of the neck
Inferior border - middle third of the clavicle
Medial border - clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
Lateral border - anterior border trapezius
Floor - splenius capitus, lavator scapulae, anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
Plexus of the colon
Submucous plexus aka Messiner’s plexus
- parasympathetic innervation - innervates cells of epithelial layer and smooth muscle of muscularis mucosae
- provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen
Auerbach’s plexus aka Myenteric plexus
*provides motor innervation to both layers of the muscle layer - sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
