Gallbladder

Question 1

Choledocholithiasis

Answer 1

Presence of one or more gallstones in the common bile duct

Question 2

Charcot’s triad

Answer 2

Fever/chills, RUQ pain, jaundice

Question 3

Cholangitis

Answer 3

Bacterial infection of the biliary tract from obstruction (partial or complete), can be life threatening

Question 4

Most common cause of cholangitis

Answer 4

Choledocholithiasis

Question 5

Common causes of cholangitis

Answer 5

choledocholithasis
stricture (usually post-op)
neoplasm (usually ampullary carcinoma)
extrinsic compression (pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatitis)
biliary stent

Question 6

Organisms most commonly causing cholangitis

Answer 6

Gram-neg: E.coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Serratia
Gram-pos: Enterococci
Anaerobes are less common: Bacteroides (B fragilis is most common) (seen more in colon)
Fungi are less common again: Candida

Question 7

Mirizzi’s syndrome

Answer 7

Common hepatic duct obstruction caused by extrinsic compression by a gallstone in the cystic duct (or Hartmann’s pouch{?})