Pharmacology

Question 1

hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 1

ACID- mneumonic 
I. anaphylaxis
II. cytotoxic- destroy cells
III. Immune complex mediated
IV. Delayed

Question 2

sulfonylurea

Answer 2

stimulate beta cell release, increase insulin sensitivity
can induce hypoglycemia
ex- glyburide

Question 3

biguanide

Answer 3

metformin
can cause lactic acidosis (usually in kidney disease)
don’t give if have kidney failure
decreases glucose production in liver

Question 4

TZD

Answer 4

sensitizes muscles to insulin
HEPATOTOXICITY
Increase CV risk
pioglitazone (actos) , rosiglitazone (avandia) end in glitazone

Question 5

H2 antagonist

Answer 5

cimetidine (tagament- can cause gynecomastia and galactorrhea), ranitidine (zantac), famotidine (pepcid)

Question 6

PPI

Answer 6

omeprazole (prilosec), lansoprazole (prevacid), pantoprazole (protonix)

Question 7

Antacids

Answer 7

mylanta and malox

milk alkali syndrome- get alkalemic

Question 8

what can pepto bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) cause

Answer 8

black stool

Iron can cause this too

Question 9

Phenothiazines

Answer 9

inhibit dopamine
nausea and vomiting
procholperzine (compazine), promethazine (phenergan)

Question 10

HMG co A reductase inhibitors

Answer 10

Statins
block cholesterol synthesis in liver
can cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis
lipitor and zocor

Question 11

steroid side effects

Answer 11

CUSHINGOID
cataracts
ulcers
skin striae
hypertension/hirsutism
infection
necrosis of femoral head
glucose elevated
osteoporsis
impaired wound healing
depression/diabetes

Question 12

reversal for hypoglycemia from beta blockers

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

what can digoxin cause

Answer 13

blue green vision

Halo’s in vision

Question 14

most common side effect of nitro

Answer 14

headache
also causes hypotension
need to be careful not to use erectile dysfunction drugs with this

Question 15

Heparin MOA

Answer 15

Unfractioned heparin- inhibits xa and increases antithrombin III activity
LMWH only increases antithrombin 3 activity
reversal agent- protamine sulfate

Question 16

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 16

PCN (beta lactam)
cephalosporin (beta lactam)
Vancomycin (non beta lactam)

Question 17

Sulfa (bactrim)

Answer 17

inhibit folate

Question 18

Quinolones

Answer 18

inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 19

Tetracycline and aminoglycosides and macrolides

Answer 19

bind to ribosomes and can’t make protein

Question 20

TCA

Answer 20

inhibit repute of serotonin, dopamine, and norepi
side effects- anticholinergic side effects (no shit, no spit, no see, no pee) (mad as a hatter, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, hot as a hare, red as a beet, full as a flask)

Question 21

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Answer 21

moa- inhibit breakdown of dopamine, serotonin, and norepi
can’t have tyrosine foods and drink (aged cheese, red wine)
classic one that causes serotonin syndrome

Question 22

barbituates

Answer 22

gaba agonist

phenobarbital

Question 23

what drug can you not use with cocaine or meth

Answer 23

beta blockers
cocaine- inhibits reputake of catecholamines
meth- causes release of catecholamines

can get hyperthermia from both of these, but tylenol will not work cause these are not prostaglandin related. need to using cooling blankets.